Part 9 — Housing and Small Buildings

(1) The application of this Part shall be as described in Subsection 1.3.3. of Division A.

(1) Signs shall conform to the requirements in Section 3.15.

(1) Self-service storage buildings shall conform to the requirements in Section 3.10.

(1) Tents shall conform to the requirements in Subsection 3.14.1.

(2) Air-supported structures shall conform to the requirements in Subsection 3.14.2.

(1) Where a building is constructed in close proximity to existing above ground electrical conductors, the requirements of Subsection 3.1.20. shall apply.

(1) The requirements of Subsection 3.7.6. apply to all food premises.

(1) In addition to all other requirements, a building in the following designated areas shall be designed and constructed so that the annual average concentration of radon 222 does not exceed 200 Bq/m3 of air and the annual average concentration of the short lived daughters of radon 222 does not exceed 0.02 working levels inside the building for, (a) the City of Elliot Lake in the Territorial District of Algoma,

(b) the Township of Faraday in the County of Hastings, and

(c) the geographic Township of Hyman in the Territorial District of Sudbury.

(1) Buildings constructed on flood plains shall,

(a) be designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practice to withstand anticipated vertical and horizontal hydrostatic pressures acting on the structure, and

(b) incorporate floodproofing measures that will preserve the integrity of exits and means of eg ress during times of flooding.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and in Sentence 12.2.1.2.(2), a manufactured building is deemed to comply with this Code if it is designed and constructed in compliance with,

(a) CSA Z240.2.1, “Structural requirements for manufactured homes,” if the building is constructed in sections not wider than 4.88 m, or

(b) CSA A277, “Procedure for certification of prefabricated buildings, modules, and panels.”

(2) The requirements of this Code shall apply to,

(a) building components designed and constructed outside the place of manufacture, and

(b) site installation of such buildings.

(1) Public pools shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.11. and public spas shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.12.

(1) Shelf and rack storage systems shall conform to the requirements of Section 3.16.

(1) Words in italics are defined in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.3.1.6. and 9.3.1.7., unreinforced and nominally reinforced concrete shall be designed, mixed, placed, cured and tested in accordance with the requirements for “R” class concrete stated in Section 9 of CSA A23. 1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction.”

(2) Unreinforced and nominally reinforced site-batched concrete shall be designed, mixed, placed and cured in accordance with Articles 9.3.1.2. to 9.3.1.9.

(3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), Subsection 9.15.4. and Section 9.40., reinforced concrete shall be designed to conform to the requirements of Part 4.

(4) For flat insulating concrete form walls not exceeding 2storeys in building hei ght and having a maximum floor to floor height of 3 m, in buildings of light-frame construction, the concrete and reinforcing shall comply with Part 4 or

(a) the concrete shall conform to CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction,” with a maximum aggregate size of 19 mm, and

(b) the reinforcing shall,

(i) conform to CSA G30.18, “Carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement”,

(ii) have a minimum specified yield strength of 400 MPa, and

(iii) be lapped a minimum of 450 mm for 10M bars and 650 mm for 15M bars. (See also Articles 9.15.4.5. and 9.20.17.2. to 9.20.17.4.)

(1) Cement shall meet the requirements of CSA A3001, “Cementitious materials for use in concrete.”

(1) Concrete in contact with sulphate soil, which is deleterious to normal cement, shall conform to the requirements in Clause 4.1.1.6 of CSA A23. 1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction.”

(1) Aggregates shall

(a) consist of sand, gravel, crushed rock, crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag, expanded shale or expanded clay conforming to CSA A23.1, “Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction,” and

(b) be clean, well-graded and free of injurious amounts of organic and other deleterious material.

(1) Water shall be clean and free of injurious amounts of oil, organic matter, sediment or any other deleterious material.

(See also Article 9.12.4.1., Sentence 9.15.4.2.(1) and Article 9.18.6.1.)

(1) Except as provided elsewhere in this Part, the compressive strength ofunreinforced concrete after 28 days shall be not less than,

(a) 32 MPa for garage floors, carport floors and all exterior flatwork,

(b) 20 MPa for interior floors other than those for garages and carports, and

(c) 15 MPa for all other applications.

(2) Site-batched concrete used for garage floors, carport floors and exterior flatwork shall have air entrainment of 5 to 8%.

(1) For pre-mixed concrete and for the site-batched concrete mixes described in Table 9.3.1.7., the maximum ratio of water to cementing materials measured by weight shall not exceed

(a) 0.45 for garage floors, carport floors and all exterior flatwork,

(b) 0.65 for interior floors other than those for garages and carports, and

(c) 0.70 for all other applications.

(2) The size of aggregate in unreinforced site-batched concrete mixes referred to in Sentence (1) shall not exceed,

(a) 1/5 the distance between the sides of vertical forms, or

(b) 1/3 the thickness of flatwork.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:

(1) 1 part cementing material = 1 × 40 kg bag

(1) Admixtures shall conform to ASTM C260 / C260M, “ Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete,” or ASTM C494 / C494M, “Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete,” as applicable.

(1) When the air temperature is below 5°C, concrete shall be

(a) kept at a temperature of not less than 10 °C or more than 25°C while being mixed and placed, and

(b) maintained at a temperature of not less than 10 °C for 72 h after placing.

(2) No frozen material or ice shall be used in concrete described in Sentence (1).

(1) Lumber for joists, rafters, trusses and beams and for the uses listed in Table 9.3.2.1. shall be identified by a grade stamp to indicate its grade as determined by the NLGA, “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber.” (See Note A- 9.3.2.1.(1))

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.3.2.1.:

(1) See Note A-Table 9.3.2.1.

(1) Except for joists, rafters, trusses and beams, visually graded lumber shall conform to the grades in Table 9.3.2.1. (See Article 9.23.4.2. for joists, rafters and beams and Article 9.23.14.11. for trusses.)

(1) Machine stress rated lumber shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 4.3.1.

(1) OSB, waferboard and plywood used for roof sheathing, wall sheathing and subflooring shall be legibly identified on the face of the material indicating,

(a) the manufacturer of the material,

(b) the standard to which it is produced, and

(c) that the material is of an exterior type.

(1) Moisture content of lumber shall be not more than 19% at the time of installation.

(1) Lumber dimensions referred to in this Part are actual dimensions determined in conformance with CSA O141, “Softwood Lumber.”

(1) The thicknesses specified in this Part for plywood, hardboard, particleboard, OSB and waferboard shall be subject to the tolerances permitted in the standards referenced for these products unless specifically indicated herein.

(1) Joist, rafter, lintel and beam members up to 5% less than the actual Canadian standard sizes are permitted to be used provided the allowable spans for the grade and species of lumber under consideration are reduced 5% from those shown in the Span Tables for full size members. (See Note A-9.3.2.8.(1))

(1) In localities where termites are known to occur,

(a) clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level directly below them shall be not less than 450 mm and, except as provided in Sentence (2), all sides of the supporting elements shall be visible to permit inspection, or

(b) structural wood elements, supported by elements in contact with the ground or exposed over bare soil, shall be pressure-treated with a chemical that is toxic to termites. (See Note A-9.3.2.9.(1))

(2) In localities where termites are known to occur and foundations are insulated or otherwise finished in a manner that could conceal a termite infestation,

(a) a metal or plastic barrier shall be installed through the insulation and any other separation or finish materials above finished ground level to control the passage of termites behind or through the insulation, separation or finish materials, and

(b) all sides of the finished supporting assembly shall be visible to permit inspection.

(3) Structural wood elements shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay where the vertical clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm. (See Note A-9.3.2.9.(3))

(3.1) In localities where termites are known to occur and where windows or other openings at or below grade contain wood elements, the bottom of window wells or adjacent ground shall be at least 150 mm below the nearest wood unless the wood is pressure-treated with a chemical toxic to termites.

(4) Structural wood elements used in retaining walls and cribbing shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay, where

(a) the retaining wall or cribbing supports ground that is critical to the stability of building foundat ions, or

(b) the retaining wall or cribbing is greater than 1.2 m in height. (See Note A-9.3.2.9.(4))

(5) Where wood is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay, such treatment shall be in accordance with Table 2, “Use Categories for Specific Products, Uses, and Exposures,” of CAN/CSA-O80.1, “Specification of treated wood,” as follows:

(a) Use Category 1 (UC1), where the wood member is used in

(i) interior construction,

(ii) above-ground applications, and

(iii) applications where the wood member remains dry,

(b) Use Category 2 (UC2), where the wood member is used in

(i) interior construction,

(ii) above-ground applications, and

(iii) applications where the wood member may be subjected to occasional sources of moisture,

(c) Use Category 3.2 (UC3.2), where the wood member is used in

(i) exterior construction,

(ii) above-ground applications, and

(iii) applications where the wood member is uncoated or is used in a configuration conducive to moisture accumulation,

(d) Use Category 4.1 (UC4.1), where

(i) the wood member is used in contact with the ground,

(ii) the wood member is used in contact with fresh water, or

(iii) the vertical clearance between the wood element and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm and the wood elements are not separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier, or

(e) Use Category 4.2 (UC4.2), where the wood member is used in critical structural components, including permanent wood foundations.

(6) Where wood is protected in accordance with UC1 or UC2 using an inorganic boron preservative, the wood shall be

(a) protected from direct exposure to water during and after the completion of construction, and

(b) separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier that is resistant to all expected mechanisms of deterioration in the service environment if the vertical clearance to the ground is less than 150 mm.

(7) Wood that is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay shall be identified by a mark to indicate the type of preservative used and conformance to the relevant required Use Category.

(1) Minimum thicknesses for sheet metal material that are stated in this Part refer to the actual minimum base metal thicknesses measured at any point of the material, and in the case of galvanized steel described in Sentence 9.3.3.2.(1), include the thickness of the galvanizing coating unless otherwise indicated.

(1) Where sheet steel is required to be galvanized, it shall be metallic-coated with zinc or an alloy of 55% aluminum- zinc meeting the requirements of

(a) ASTM A653 / A653M, “Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy- Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process,” or

(b) ASTM A792 / A792M, “Standard Specification for Sheet Steel, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process.”

(2) Where galvanized sheet steel is intended for use in locations exposed to the weather or as a flashing material, it shall have a zinc coating not less than the G90 (Z275) coating designation or an aluminum-zinc alloy coating not less than the AZM150 coating designation, as referred to in Sentence (1).

(1) Subject to the application limitations defined elsewhere in this Part, structural members and their connections shall (a) conform to requirements provided elsewhere in this Part,

(b) be designed according to good engineering practice such as provided in the CWC 2014, “Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction,” or

(c) be designed according to Part 4 using the loads and deflection and vibration limits specified in,

(i) this Part, or

(ii) Part 4.

(2) Where floor framing is designed in accordance with Clause (1)(b) or (c) and where supporting wall framing and fastenings, or footings, are designed according to Clause (1)(a), the maximum specified live load on the floor according to Table 4.1.5.3. shall not exceed 2.4 kPa.

(3) Location-specific information for structural design, including snow and wind loads and seismic spectral response accelerations, shall be determined according to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.” (See Note A-9.4.1.1.(3))

(1) This Subsection applies to light-frame construction whose wall, floor and roof planes are generally comprised of frames of small repetitive structural members, and where

(a) the roof and wall planes are clad, sheathed or braced on at least one side,

(b) the small repetitive structural members are spaced not more than 600 mm o.c.,

(c) the clear span of any structural member does not exceed 12.2 m,

(d) the maximum deflection of the structural roof members conforms to Article 9.4.3.1.,

(e) the maximum total roof area, notwithstanding any separation of adjoining buildings by firewalls, is 4 550 m2, and

(f) for flat roofs, there are no significant obstructions on the roof, such as parapet walls, spaced closer than the distance calculated by Do = 10(Ho – 0.8 Ss / γ) where Do = minimum distance between obstructions, m, Ho = height of the obstruction above the roof, m, Ss = ground snow load, kPa, and γ = specific weight of snow taken as 4.0 kN/m3 or 0.43Ss + 2.2 kN/m3, whichever is lesser.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (4), specified snow loads shall be not less than those calculated using the following formula: S = CbSs + Sr where S = specified snow load, Cb = basic snow load roof factor, which is 0.45 where the entire width of a roof does not exceed 4.3 m and 0.55 for all other roofs, Ss = 1-in-50 year ground snow load in kPa, determined according to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data,” and Sr = associated 1-in-50 year rain load in kPa, determined according to MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) In no case shall the specified snow load be less than 1 kPa.

(3) Bow string, arch or semi-circular roof trusses having an unsupported span greater than 6 m shall be designed in conformance with the snow load requirements in Subsection 4.1.6.

(4) Where the height of a roof step at the intersection of an upper level roof and a lower level roof is greater than 2 m, and the upper level roof has a slope less than 1 in 6 and an area greater than 600 m2, the specified snow load on the lower level roof shall be

(a) for distances from the roof step that are less than or equal to the drift length, xd, calculated in accordance with Sentence (5), not less than 1.5 times the specified snow load, S, calculated using the formula in Sentence (1) with Cb equal to 0.55, and

(b) for distances from the roof step that are greater than the drift length, xd, calculated in accordance with Sentence (5), as specified in Sentence (1).

(5) For the purposes of Sentence (4),the drift length, xd, in m, shall be calculated as follows: where h = height of the roof step, in m, and γ = specific weight of snow as specified in Clause 9.4.2.1.(1)(f).

(1) Balconies, decks and other accessible exterior platforms intended for an occupancy and subject to snow loads shall be designed to carry the specified roof snow load or 1.9 kPa, whichever is greater, where the platform, or each segregated area of the platform, serves a single dwelling unit. (See Note A-9.4.2.3.(1))

(1) Ceiling joists or truss bottom chords in residential attic or roof spaces having limited accessibility that precludes the storage of equipment or material shall be designed for a total specified load of not less than 0.35 kPa, where the total specified load is the sum of the specified dead load plus the specified live load of the ceiling. (See Note A-9.4.2.4.(1))

(1) The maximum deflection of structural members shall conform to Table 9.4.3.1.

(2) Dead loads need not be considered in computing deflections referred to in Sentence (1).

(1) Footing sizes for shallow foundations shall be

(a) determined in accordance with Section 9.15., or

(b) designed in accordance with Section 4.2. using,

(i) the maximum allowable bearing pressures in Table 9.4.4.1., or

(ii) allowable bearing pressures determined from subsurface investigation.

(2) The design procedures described in Section 4.2. are permitted to be used in lieu of the design procedures in this Subsection.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.4.4.1.:

(1) See Note A-Table 9.4.1.1.

(3) The design procedures described in Section 4.2. shall be used where,

(a) deep foundations are used,

(b) the footing size falls outside the scope of this Section, or

(c) the foundation is constructed on peat, filled ground or on sensitive clays as described in Article 9.15.1.1.

(1) Where a soil or rock within a distance equal to twice the footing width below the bearing surface has a lower allowable bearing pressure than that at the bearing surface as shown in Article 9.4.4.1., the design capacity of the foundation shall not be greater than would cause the weakest soil or rock to be stressed beyond its allowable bearing pressure.

(2) In calculating subsurface pressures referred to in Sentence (1), the loads from the footings shall be assumed to be distributed uniformly over a horizontal plane within a frustum extending downward from the footing at an angle of 60o to the horizontal.

(1) Where a foundation bears on gravel, sand or silt, and the water table is within a distance below the bearing surface equal to the width of the foundation, the allowable beari ng pressure shall be 50% of that determined in Article 9.4.4.1.

(2) Material that is susceptible to changes in volume due to freezing shall not be used as fill beneath floors-on-ground that will be subjected to freezing temperatures. (See also Article 9.4.4.4. and Note A-9.4.4.4.(1))

(3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), fill beneath floors-on-ground shall be compacted.

(4) Fill beneath floors-on-ground need not be compacted where the material is clean coarse aggregate containing not more than 10% of material that will pass a 4 mm sieve.

(1) Except where constructed in accordance with Section 9.15., walls supporting drained earth shall be designed

(a) for a pressure equivalent to that exerted by a fluid with a density of not less than 480 kg/m3 and a depth equal to that of the retained earth, or

(b) in accordance with Section 4.2. so as to be able to resist the loads and effects described in Article 4.1.2.1.

(2) Walls supporting other than drained earth shall be designed

(a) for the pressure described in Clause (1)(a) plus the fluid pressure of the surcharge, or

(b) in accordance with Section 4.2. so as to be able to resist the loads and effects described in Article 4.1.2.1.

(1) Except as otherwise specified in this Part, the areas, dimensions and heights of rooms or spaces shall be measured between finished wall surfaces and between finished floor and ceiling surfaces.

(1) Minimum floor areas specified in this Section do not include closets or built-in bedroom cabinets unless otherwise indicated.

(1) Two or more areas may be considered as a combination room if the opening between the areas occupies the larger of 3 m2 or 40% or more of the wall measured on the side of the dependent area.

(2) Where the dependent area is a bedroom, direct passage shall be provided between the two areas.

(3) The opening required in Sentence (1) shall not contain doors or windows.

(1) Areas of rooms and spaces are permitted to be less than required in this Section provided it can be shown that the rooms and spaces are adequate for their intended use, such as by the provision of built-in furniture to compensate for reduced sizes.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 3.8.1.1., every building shall be designed in conformance with Section 3.8.

(2) The requirements of Section 3.8. need not be provided for detached houses, semi-detached houses, houses with a secondary suite, duplexes, triplexes, row houses and boarding or rooming houses with fewer than eight boarders or roomers.

(1) Where a barrier-free path of travel required in Article 9.5.2.1. is provided to any storey above the first storey, the requirements in Article 3.3.1.7. shall apply.

(1) If wood wall studs or sheet steel wall studs enclose the main bathroom in a dwelling unit, reinforcement shall be installed to permit the future installation of the following:

(a) for a water closet, a grab bar described in Clauses 3.8.3.8.(3)(a) and a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.8.(3)(c), (b) for a shower, a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.13.(2)(g), and

(c) for a bathtub, a grab bar described in Clause 3.8.3.13.(7)(e). (See Note A-9.5.2.4.(1))

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the ceiling heights and clear heights in rooms or spaces in residential occupancies and live / work units shall conform to Table 9.5.3.1.

(2) Ceiling heights in secondary suites shall be not less than 1.95 m.

(3) Clear heights under beams and ducting in secondary suites shall be not less than 1.85 m.

(4) Areas in rooms or spaces over which ceiling height and clear height are not less than the minimum specified in Table 9.5.3.1. or Sentence (2)or(3)shall be contiguous with the entry or entries to those rooms or spaces.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:

(1) Area of the space shall be measured at floor level.

(1) The ceiling height above and below a me zzanine floor assembly in all occupancies shall be not less than 2.1 m.

(1) The clear height in a storage garage shall be not less than 2 m.

(1) The unobstructed width of a hallway within a dwelling unit shall be not less than 860 mm, except that the hallway width is permitted to be 710 mm where

(a) there are only bedrooms and bathrooms at the end of the hallway furthest from the living area, and

(b) a second exit is provided

(i) in the hallway near the end furthest from the living area, or

(ii) in each bedroom served by the hallway.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.5.5.3., 9.9.6.2. and 9.9.6.3., doorway openings within dwelling units and within houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be designed to accommodate at least the door sizes given in Table 9.5.5.1. for swing-type and folding doors.

(2) Doorway openings within secondary suites shall be designed to accommodate swing-type and folding doors not less than 1 890 mm high where the ceiling height complies with Sentence 9.5.3.1.(2).

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.5.5.1.:

(1) See Article 9.5.5.3.

(1) Doors to public water closet rooms shall be not less than 810 mm wide and 2 030 mm high.

(1) Where a barrier-free path of travel conforming to Section 3.8. is provided into a su ite of residential occupancy and where a bathroom within the suite is at the level of the suite entrance door, the doorway to such bathroom and to each bedroom at the same level as such bathroom shall have, when the door is in the open position, a clear width of not less than,

(a) 760 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space not less than 1 060 mm wide, and

(b) 810 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space less than 1 060 mm wide.

(1) This Section applies to

(a) glass in

(i) interior doors and interior windows and their sidelights,

(ii) clothes closets,

(iii) site-built exterior windows, doors and skylights,

(iv) shower or bathtub enclosures,

(v) glazed panels and partitions, and

(b) the protection of glass.

(1) Glass shall conform to

(a) CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,”

(b) CAN/CGSB-12.2-M, “Flat, Clear Sheet Glass,”

(c) CAN/CGSB-12.3-M, “Flat, Clear Float Glass,”

(d) CAN/CGSB-12.4-M, “Heat Absorbing Glass,”

(e) CAN/CGSB-12.8, “Insulating glass units,”

(f) CAN/CGSB-12.9, “Spandrel glass,”

(g) CAN/CGSB-12.10-M, “Glass, Light and Heat Reflecting,”

(h) CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass,” or

(i) ASTM E2190, “Standard Specification for Insulating Glass Unit Performance and Evaluation.”

(2) Mirrored glass doors are only permitted to be used at the entrance to clothes closets and shall conform to the requirements of CAN/CGSB-82.6-M, “Doors, Mirrored Glass, Sliding or Folding, Wardrobe.” (See Note A-9.6.1.2.(2))

(3) Mirrored glass doors reinforced with a film backing shall meet the impact resistance requirements specified in CAN/CGSB-12.5-M, “Mirrors, Silvered.”

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), glass shall be designed in conformance with Article 4.3.6.1.

(2) Where the building has an essentially uniform distribution of paths for air leakage, including operable openings, but no large openings that would permit wind gusts to rapidly enter the bu ilding and the building is not in an exceptionally exposed location such as a hilltop, the maximum area of individual panes of glass for windows shall conform to

(a) Tables9.6.1.3.-Ato 9.6.1.3.-C, where the building has a height from grade to the uppermost roof of 12 m or less, and is located in a built-up area, no less than 120 m away from the boundary between this area and open terrain, or

(b) Tables 9.6.1.3.-D to 9.6.1.3.-F. (See Note A-9.6.1.3.(2))

(3) The maximum area of individual panes of glass for doors shall conform to Table 9.6.1.3.-G.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-A:

(1) The maximum hourly wind pressure with one chance in fifty of being exceeded in any one year, as provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) Maximum glass area values apply to IG units of two identical lites (annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered) spaced at 12.7 mm.

Table 9.6.1.3.-B Maximum Glass Area for Windows in Areas for which the 1-in-50 Hourly Wind Pressure (HWP) is Less than 0.75 kPa(1) Forming Part of Clause 9.6.1.3.(2)(a)

[TABLE:1] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-B:

(1) The maximum hourly wind pressure with one chance in fifty of being exceeded in any one year, as provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) Maximum glass area values apply to IG units of two identical lites (annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered) spaced at 12.7 mm.

Table 9.6.1.3.-C Maximum Glass Area for Windows in Areas for which the 1-in-50 Hourly Wind Pressure (HWP) is Less than 1.00 kPa(1) Forming Part of Clause 9.6.1.3.(2)(a)

[TABLE:2] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-C:

(1) The maximum hourly wind pressure with one chance in fifty of being exceeded in any one year, as provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) Maximum glass area values apply to IG units of two identical lites (annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered) spaced at 12.7 mm.

Table 9.6.1.3.-D Maximum Glass Area for Windows in Areas for which the 1-in-50 Hourly Wind Pressure (HWP) is Less than 0.55 kPa – Open Terrain(1) Forming Part of Clause 9.6.1.3.(2)(b)

[TABLE:3] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-D:

(1) The maximum hourly wind pressure with one chance in fifty of being exceeded in any one year, as provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) Maximum glass area values apply to IG units of two identical lites (annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered) spaced at 12.7 mm.

Table 9.6.1.3.-E Maximum Glass Area for Windows in Areas for which the 1-in-50 Hourly Wind Pressure (HWP) is Less than 0.75 kPa – Open Terrain(1) Forming Part of Clause 9.6.1.3.(2)(b)

[TABLE:4] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-E:

(1) The maximum hourly wind pressure with one chance in fifty of being exceeded in any one year, as provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) Maximum glass area values apply to IG units of two identical lites (annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered) spaced at 12.7 mm.

Table 9.6.1.3.-F Maximum Glass Area for Windows in Areas for which the 1-in-50 Hourly Wind Pressure (HWP) is Less than 1.00 kPa – Open Terrain(1) Forming Part of Clause 9.6.1.3.(2)(b)

[TABLE:5] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-F:

(1) The maximum hourly wind pressure with one chance in fifty of being exceeded in any one year, as provided in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data.”

(2) Maximum glass area values apply to IG units of two identical lites (annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered) spaced at 12.7 mm .

Table 9.6.1.3.-G Glass Area for Doors Forming Part of Sentence 9.6.1.3.(3)

[TABLE:6] Notes to Table 9.6.1.3.-G:

(1) See Note A-Table 9.6.1.3.-G.

(2) Not generally available.

(1) Glass sidelights greater than 500 mm wide that could be mistaken for doors, glass in storm doors and glass in sliding doors within or at every entrance to a dwelling unit and in public areas shall be

(a) safety glazing of the tempered or laminated type conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,” or

(b) wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass.”

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (4), glass in entrance doors to dwelling units and in public areas, other than the entrance doors described in Sentence (1), shall be safety glazing or wired glass of the type described in Sentence (1) where the glass area exceeds 0.5 m2 and extends to less than 900 mm from the bottom of the door.

(3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), transparent panels that could be mistaken as a means of egress shall be protected by barriers or railings.

(4) Sliding glass partitions that separate a public corridor from an adjacent occupancy and that are open during normal working hours need not conform to Sentences (2), (3) and (5), except that such partitions shall be suitably marked to indicate their existence and position.

(5) Except as provided in Sentence (4), every glass or transparent door accessible to the public shall be equipped with hardware, bars or other permanent fixtures designed so that the existence and position of such doors is readily apparent.

(6) Glazing used for a shower or bathtub enclosure shall conform to Class A of CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing.”

(1) This Section applies to

(a) windows, doors and skylights separating conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior, and

(b) main entrance doors.

(2) For the purpose of this Section, the term “skylight” refers to unit skylights, roof windows and tubular daylighting devices.

(3) For the purpose of this Section, the term “doors” includes glazing in doors and sidelights for doors.

(1) A door shall be provided at each entrance to a dwelling unit.

(2) Main entrance doors to dwelling units shall be provided with

(a) a door viewer or transparent glazing in the door, or

(b) a sidelight.

(1) Minimum sizes of doorways and doors within a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to Section 9.5.

(2) The protection of window and door openings to protect persons from falling through them shall conform to Article 9.8.8.1.

(3) Properties of windows and doors within exits shall conform to Section 9.9.

(4) Windows and doors installed to provide the required means of egress from bedrooms shall conform to Subsection 9.9.10.

(5) The location and protection of windows, doors and skylights in order to control the spread of fire shall conform to Subsection 9.10.12.

(6) Doors between dwelling units and attached garages shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15.

(7) The surface flame-spread rating for doors and skylights shall conform to Article 9.10.17.1.

(8) Windows and doors installed to provide the required access to a building for firefighting purposes shall conform to Subsection 9.10.20.

(9) Windows and skylights installed to provide required non-heating season ventilation shall conform to Article 9.32.2.2.

(1) Except as required in Article 9.9.10.1. and Sentence (3), the minimum window glass areas for rooms in buildings of residential occupancy or rooms that are used for sleeping shall conform to Table 9.7.2.3.

(2) The unobstructed glass area of a door or skylight is considered equivalent to that of a window.

(3) Work areas in live / work units shall conform to Clause 3.7.2.1.(2)(a).

(4) Where rooms with different requirements for window glass area are combined as described in Sentence 9.5.1.2.(1), the more restrictive requirement shall govern.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.7.2.3.:

(1) See Subsection 9.9.10.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), windows, doors and skylights and their components separating conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they

(a) resist the ingress of precipitation into interior space, (See Note A-9.7.4.2.(1))

(b) resist wind loads,

(c) control air leakage,

(d) resist the ingress of insects and vermin,

(e) where required, resist forced entry, and

(f) are easily operable when not intended to be fixed.

(2) Skylights and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they resist snow loads.

(3) Main entrance doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they

(a) control air leakage,

(b) resist the ingress of insects and vermin,

(c) resist forced entry, and

(d) are easily operable.

(4) Storm doors, sliding doors and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed so that, when in the closed position, they

(a) resist wind loads,

(b) control air leakage to a minimum allowable 5 m3h/m and a maximum allowable 8.35 m3h/m,

(c) resist the ingress of insects and vermin, and

(d) are easily operable.

(5) Compliance with the performance requirements described in Sentences (1) to (4) shall be demonstrated by

(a) complying with the requirements in

(i) Subsection 9.7.4. or 9.7.5., and

(ii) Subsection 9.7.6., or

(b) design and construction conforming to Part 5.

(1) Windows, doors and skylights described in Clause 9.7.1.1.(1)(a) and their components shall be designed, constructed and installed to

(a) minimize surface condensation on the warm side of the component, and (See Note A-9.7.3.2.(1)(a))

(b) ensure comfortable conditions for occupants.

(2) Compliance with the heat transfer performance requirements described in Sentence (1) shall be demonstrated by

(a) complying with the requirements in Article 9.7.3.3., or

(b) design and construction conforming to Part 5.

(1) Metal frames and sash of windows, doors and skylights shall incorporate a thermal break.

(2) Windows and doors described in Sentence (1) do not require a thermal break where they are installed as (a) vehicular access doors,

(b) storm windows and doors, or

(c) windows and doors that are required to have afire-resistance rating.

(3) Windows, doors and skylights with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in buildings where the intended use of the interior space will not result in high moisture generation shall have a maximum thermal transmittance (U - value) or minimum temperature index (I) in accordance with Table 9.7.3.3.

(4) Windows, doors and skylights, with or without storm doors or sash that are installed in portions of buildings where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation shall be designed in conformance with Subsection 5.3. (See Note A-9.25.5.2.)

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.7.3.3.:

(1) U-values for specific products can be determined according to measures referenced in AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440,

“NAFS-North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights.” Temperature index (I) is determined according to the physical test procedure given in CSA A440.2/A440.3, “Fenestration energy performance/User guide to CSA A440.2- 19, Fenestration energy performance.”

(2) There is no appropriate test procedure available for testing the condensation resistance of sloped glazing.

(3) Where the U-value in this Table differs from the U-value provided in MMA Supplementary Standard SB-10, “Energy Efficiency Requirements” or MMA Supplementary Standard SB-12, “Energy Efficiency for Housing”, the most restrictive U-value shall apply.

(1) This Subsection applies to windows, doors and skylights covered in the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” (Harmonized Standard).

(1) Manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and their installation shall conform to

(a) AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” (Harmonized Standard),

(b) CSA A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights,”

(c) the remainder of this Subsection, and

(d) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6. (See Note A-9.7.4.2.(1))

(1) Performance grades for windows, doors and skylights shall be selected according to CSA A440S1, “Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-17, North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” so as to be appropriate for the conditions and geographic location in which the window, door or skylight will be installed.

(2) Windows, doors and skylights shall conform to the performance grades selected under Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights” (Harmonized Standard).

(3) The minimum level of performance required for windows, doors and skylights shall be that of the Performance Class R.

(4) Exterior wood doors shall conform to CAN/CSA-O132.2 Series, “Wood Flush Doors,” and shall have legibly indicated on them

(a) the name of the manufacturer,

(b) the standard to which they were produced, and

(c) that they are of an exterior type.

(1) Materials, design, construction and installation of windows, doors and skylights that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or the exterior but that are not within the scope of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights,” shall conform

(a) to

(i) the remainder of this Subsection or Subsection 9.7.4., and

(ii) the applicable requirements in Subsection 9.7.6., or

(b) to Part 5.

(2) Glass for site-built windows, doors, sidelights for doors, and skylights shall comply with Section 9.6.

(1) Except for exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces, this Article applies to

(a) swinging entrance doors to dwelling units,

(b) swinging doors between dwelling uni ts and attached garages or other ancillary spaces, and

(c) swinging doors that provide access directly or indirectly from a storage garage to a dwelling unit. (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(1))

(2) Doors, frames and hardware that conform to a security level of at least Grade 10 as described in the Annex to ASTM F476, “Standard Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assemblies,” are not required to conform to Sentences (3) to (7). (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(2))

(3) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), wood doors as described in Sentence (1) shall

(a) be solid core or stile-and-rail type,

(b) be not less than 45 mm thick, and

(c) if of the stile-and-rail type, have a panel thickness of not less than 19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door area.

(4) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), doors described in Sentence (1) shall be provided with

(a) a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins, and

(b) a bolt throw not less than 25 mm long, protected with a solid or hardened free-turning ring or beveled cylinder housing. (See Article 9.9.6.7.)

(5) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), an inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in Sentence (1) shall be provided with heavy-duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than 15 mm.

(6) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), hinges for doors described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened

(a) to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to wood frames with wood screws such that at least 2 screws per hinge penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or

(b) to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 10 and not less than 10 mm long. (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(6))

(7) Strikeplates for deadbolts described in Sentence (4) shall be fastened

(a) to wood frames with wood screws that penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood, or

(b) to metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long. (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(6))

(8) Except for storm doors or screen doors, doors described in Sentence (1) that swing outward shall be provided with hinges or pins so that the doors cannot be removed when they are in the closed position. (See Note A-9.7.5.2.(8))

(9) Solid blocking shall be provided on both sides at the lock height between the jambs for doors described in Sentence (1) and the structural framing so that the jambs will resist spreading by force.

(1) In dwelling units, windows, any part of which is located within 2 m of adjacent ground level, shall conform to the requirements for resistance to forced entry as described in Clause 5.3.6 of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, “North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights.” (See Note A-9.7.5.3.(1))

(1) The installation of windows, doors and skylights shall conform to CSA A440.4, “Window, door, and skylight installation,” except that

(a) shims used to support windows, doors and skylights are permitted to be made of treated plywood, and

(b) protection from precipitation for walls incorporating windows or doors and for roofs incorporating skylights, and the interfaces of these walls with windows or doors and of roofs with skylights, shall also conform to Section 9.27.

(2) The installation of manufactured and pre-assembled windows, doors and skylights and the field assembly of manufactured window and door combination units shall conform to the manufacturer’s instructions.

(3) Windows, doors and skylights shall be sealed to air barriers.

(1) The sealing compound used to seal the glass component of an insulating glazing unit to the sash component shall be compatible with the sealing compound used to edge seal the glass component.

(2) Flashing used to protect openings shall conform to Articles 9.27.3.7. and 9.27.3.8.

(3) Sealants shall be applied between window frames or trim and the exterior cladding or masonry in conformance with Subsection 9.27.4.

(4) All unfinished portions ofthe frame and other components of aluminum windows, doors or skylights in contact with the edges of masonry, concrete, stucco or plaster shall be protected with an alkali-resistant coating.

(1) This Section applies to the design and construction of interior and exterior stairs, steps, ramps, landings, handrails and guards.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence 9.8.6.2 (3), stairs, ramps, landings, handrails and guards in a garage that serves a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite shall conform to the requirements for stairs, ramps, landings, handrails and guards within a dwelling unit.

(1) Where a stair, ramp or landing forms part of an exit, the appropriate requirements in Sections 9.9. and 9.10. shall also apply.

(1) Escalators and moving walks shall conform to the appropriate requirements in Part 3.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 9.8.4.7., required exit stairs and public stairs serving buildings of residential occupancy shall have a width of not less than 900 mm.

(2) Exit stairs serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a seco ndary suite including their common spaces shall have a width of not less than 860 mm.

(3) Except as provided in Article 9.8.4.7., required exit stairs and public stairs serving buildings of other than residential occupancy shall have a width of not less than the greater of

(a) 900 mm, or

(b) 8 mm per person based on the occupant load limits specified in Table 3.1.17.1.

(4) Except as provided in Article 9.8.4.7., at least one stair between each floor level within a dwelling unit, and exterior stairs serving a single dwelling unit except required exit stairs, shall have a width of not less than 860 mm.

(1) The clear height over stairs shall be measured vertically, over the clear width of the stair, from a straight line tangent to the tread and landing nosings to the lowest point above. (See Note A-3.4.3.4.)

(2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4) and Article 9.8.4.7., the clear height over stairs shall not be less than 2 050 mm.

(3) Except as provided in Article 9.8.4.7., the clear height over stairs serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall not be less than 1 950 mm.

(4) The clear height over stairs that are located under beams and ducting in secondary suites shall not be less than 1 850 mm.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), stairs shall consist of

(a) straight flights,

(b) curved flights, or

(c) spiral stairs.

(2) Stairs within dwelling units and houses with a secondary suite, including their common spaces, shall consist of (a) straight flights,

(b) except as provided in Sentence (4),curved flights,

(c) except as provided in Sentence 9.8.4.7.(2), spiral stairs, (d) flights with rectangular treads and winders, or

(e) flights with a mix of rectangular and tapered treads.

(3) Curved flights in exits shall comply with Sentence 3.4.6.9.(2).

(4) Spiral stairs shall comply with Article 9.8.4.7.

(1) Except for stairs within a dwelling unit, at least three risers shall be provided in interior flights.

(1) The vertical height of any flight of stairs shall not exceed 3.7 m.

(1) Except as provided in Article 9.8.4.7., the rise, which is measured as the vertical nosing-to-nosing distance, shall conform to Table 9.8.4.1.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.8.4.1.:

(1) Private stairs are:

(a) interior stairs within a house with a secondary suite or an individual dwelling unit,

(b) exterior stairs serving a house with a secondary suite or an individual d welling unit, and

(c) exterior stairs serving a garage that serves a house with a secondary suite or an individual dwelling unit.

(2) Public stairs are all stairs not described as service stairs or private stairs.

(3) Service stairs are stairs that serve areas used only as service rooms or service spac es.

(4) Stairs to unoccupied attic space are stairs that serve attics containing no storage or living space.

(1) The run for rectangular treads shall conform with Table 9.8.4.1.

(2) The depth of a rectangular tread shall be not less than its run and not more than its run plus 25 mm.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.8.4.6. and 9.8.4.7., tapered treads shall have a run that

(a) is not less than 150 mm at the narrow end of the tread, and

(b) complies with the dimensions for rectangular treads stated in Table 9.8.4.1. when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the handrail at the narrow end of the tread.

(2) Tapered treads in required exit stairs shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.4.6.9.

(3) The depth of a tapered tread shall be not less than its run at any point and not more than its run at any point plus 25 mm.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), risers shall be of uniform height in any one flight with a maximum tolerance of

(a) 5 mm between adjacent treads or landings, and

(b) 10 mm between the tallest and shortest risers in a flight.

(2) Except for required exit stairs, where the top or bottom riser in a stair adjoins a sloping finished walking surface such as a garage floor, driveway or sidewalk, the height of the riser across the stair shall vary by not more than 1 in 12.

(3) Rectangular treads shall have a uniform run with a maximum tolerance of

(a) 5 mm between adjacent treads, and

(b) 10 mm between the deepest and shallowest treads in a flight.

(4) Tapered treads in a flight shall have a uniform run in accordance with the construction tolerances stipulated in Sentence (3) when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the handrail as described in Sentence 9.8.7.1.(5).

(5) The slope oftreads shall not exceed 1 in 50.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 9.8.4.6., where a flight of stairs consists of both tapered treads and rectangular treads, all the treads shall have a uniform run when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the inside handrail.

(2) Where tapered treads are located at the bottom of a mixed-tread flight, the run of the tapered treads when measured at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the inside handrail is permitted to exceed the run of the rectangular treads.

(1) Stairs within dwelling units are permitted to contain winders that converge to a centre point provided

(a) the winders turn through an angle of not more than 90°,

(b) individual treads turn through an angle of not less than 30° or not more than 45°, and

(c) adjacent winders turn through the same angle.

(2) Where more than one set of winders described in Sentence (1) is provided in a single stairway between adjacent floor levels, such winders shall be separated in plan by at least 1 200 mm.

(1) Spiral stairs shall have

(a) handrails on both sides, the outer handrail being not less than 1 070 mm high,

(b) a clear width not less than 660 mm between handrails,

(c) risers that are not more than 240 mm high,

(d) treads that

(i) are a minimum of 190 mm deep at a point 300 mm from the centre line of the handrails at the narrower edge, (ii) have a consistent angle and uniform dimension, and

(iii) turn in the same direction, and

(e) not less than 1 980 mm clear height.

(2) Spiral stairs conforming to Sentence (1) are permitted to be used as the only means of egress where they serve not more than 3 persons.

(3) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), spiral stairs shall not serve as an exit.

(1) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the top of the nosings of stair treads shall have a rounded or beveled edge extending not less than 6 mm and not more than 14 mm measured horizontally from the front of the nosing.

(2) If resilient material is used to cover the nosing of a stair tread, the minimum extension of the rounded or beveled edge required by Sentence (1) is permitted to be reduced to 3 mm.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), stairs shall have no open risers.

(2) Open risers are permitted in

(a) interior and exterior stairs that serve a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite,

(b) fire escape stairs,

(c) stairs that are principally used for maintenance,

(d) stairs that serve service rooms, and

(e) stairs that serve industrial occupancies other than storage garages.

(1) Interior stairways extending through the roof of a building shall be protected from ice and snow.

(1) This Subsection applies to pedestrian ramps except ramps in a ba rrier-free path of travel.

(2) Ramps in a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.8.3.4.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), ramps shall not be less than 1 100 mm wide.

(2) Ramps serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be not less than 860 mm wide

(1) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the clear height over ramps shall be not less than 2 050 mm.

(2) The clear height over ramps serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be not less than 1 950 mm.

(1) The slope of ramps shall be not more than

(a) 1 in 10 for exterior ramps,

(b) 1 in 10 for interior ramps serving residential occupancies,

(c) 1 in 6 for industrial occupancies, and

(d) 1 in 8 for all other occupancies.

(1) Where the slope of the ramp is greater than 1 in 12, the maximum rise between floors or landings shall be 1 500 mm.

(1) This Subsection applies to landings, except landings for ramps in a barrier-free path of travel.

(2) Landings for ramps in a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.8.3.4.

(3) Finished floors, and ground surfaces with a slope not exceeding 1 in 50, at the top and bottom of stairs or ramps shall be considered as landings.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4) and Sentence 9.9.6.6.(2), a landing shall be provided

(a) at the top and bottom of each flight of interior and exterior stairs, including stairs in garages,

(b) at the top and bottom of every ramp with a slope greater than 1 in 50, and

(c) where a doorway opens onto a stair or ramp.

(2) Where a door at the top of a stair within a dwelling unit swings away from the stair, no landing is required between the doorway and the stair. (See Note A-9.8.6.2.(2))

(3) A landing may be omitted at the top of an exterior flight serving a secondary entrance to a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite, provided

(a) the stair does not contain more than three risers,

(b) the principal door is a sliding door or swings away from the stair, and

(c) only a storm or screen door, if any, swings over the stair and is equipped with hardware to hold it open.

(3.1) Sentence (3) does not apply to an exterior stair serving a secondary entrance to a house with a secondary suit e that is also a main entrance to a dwelling unit in the house.

(4) A landing may be omitted at the bottom of an exterior stair or ramp provided there is no obstruction, such as a gate or door, within the lesser of the width of the stair or ram p or

(a) 900 mm for stairs or ramps serving a single dwelling unit, and

(b) 1 100 mm for stairs or ramps not serving a single dwelling unit.

(See Note A-3.4.6.4.) (See also Articles 9.9.6.1. and 9.9.6.6. regarding landings in exits)

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (7), landings shall be at least as wide and as long as the width of the stair or ramp in which they occur.

(2) Where the landing in a stairway or ramp does not turn or turns less than 90°, the length of the landing need not be more than the lesser of

(a) the required width of the stair or ramp, or

(b) 1 100 mm.

(3) The length of a landing shall be measured perpendicular to the nosings of adjacent steps or to the end of the ramp, at a distance equal to half the length required in Sentence (2) from the narrow edge of the landing.

(4) Where stair flights or ramps of different widths adjoin a single landing, the minimum width of the landing shall be

(a) where one or more of the stair or ramp widths do not exceed their respective required widths, not less than the greater required stair or ramp width, or

(b) where all of the widths ofthe stairs or ramps exceed their respective required widths, not less than the lesser actual stair or ramp width.

(5) Where a door swings toward a stair, the full arc of the swing shall be over the landing.

(6) The slope of landings shall not exceed 1 in 50.

(7) Where a doorway or stairway opens onto the side of a ramp, the landing shall extend for a distance of not less than 300 mm on either side of the doorway or stairway, except on a side abutting an end wall.

(1) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the clear height over landings shall be not less than 2 050 mm.

(2) The clear height over landings serving a single dw elling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be not less than 1 950 mm.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), handrails shall be installed on stairs and ramps in conformance with Table 9.8.7.1.

(2) Where a stair or ramp is required to be at least 2 200 mm wide due to the occupant load, a handrail shall be installed such that no position on the stair or ramp is more than 825 mm from a handrail. (See Note A-9.8.7.1.(2))

(3) Handrails are not required for stairs and ramps serving a single dwelling unit, where

(a) interior stairs have not more than 2 risers,

(b) exterior stairs have not more than 3 risers, or

(c) ramps rise not more than 400 mm.

(4) Only one handrail is required on exterior stairs having more than 3 risers provided such stairs serve not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite.

(5) Except for stairs with winders, where a flight of stairs within a dwelling unit consists of tapered treads, or a mix of tapered treads and rectangular treads, one handrail shall be installed along the narrow end of the treads.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (3),required handrails shall be continuously graspable throughout the length of

(a) ramps, and

(b) flights of stairs, from the bottom riser to the top riser.

(2) Except for stairs or ramps serving a single dwelling u nit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, at least one required handrail shall be continuous throughout the length of the stair or ramp, including at the landing except where interrupted by doorways. (See Note A-3.4.6.5.(11))

(3) For stairs or ramps serving a single d welling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, a handrail is permitted to start from a newel post or volute installed on the bottom tread.

(1) Handrails shall be terminated in a manner that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create a hazard. (See Note A- 9.8.7.3.(1))

(2) Except for stairs and ramps serving only one dwel ling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, at least one handrail at the sides of a stair or ramp shall extend horizontally not less than 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of each flight or ramp. (See Note A-9.8.7.3.(2))

(1) The height of handrails on stairs and ramps shall be measured vertically from the top of the handrail to

(a) a straight line drawn tangent to the tread nosings ofthe stair served by the handrail, or

(b) the surface of the ramp, floor or landing served by the handrail.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), Clause 3.8.3.4.(1)(e) and Sentence 9.8.4.7.(1), required handrails shall be 865 mm to 1 070 mm high.

(3) Handrails installed in addition to required handrails need not comply with Sentence (2).

(1) The clearance between a handrail and any surface behind it shall be not less than

(a) 60 mm, if the surface behind the handrail is rough or abrasive, or

(b) 50 mm, in all other cases.

(2) All handrails shall be constructed so as to be continually graspable along their entire length with no obstruction on or above them to break a handhold. (See Note A-9.8.7.5.(2))

(1) Handrails and projections below handrails, including handrail supports and stair stringers, shall not project more than 100 mm into the required width of a stair or ramp. (See also Articles 9.8.2.1. and 9.8.5.2.)

(1) Handrails and their supports shall be designed and constructed to withstand the following loads, which need not be considered to act simultaneously:

(a) a concentrated load of not less than 0.9 kN applied at any point and in any direction for all handrails, and

(b) for handrails other than those serving a single dwelling unit, a uniform load of not less than 0.7 kN/m.

(2) Where exterior or interior handrails serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces are attached to wood studs or blocking, the attachment shall be deemed to comply with Sentence (1), where

(a) the attachment points are spaced not more than 1.2 m apart measured on the horizontal plane,

(b) the first attachment point at either end is located not more than 300 mm from the end of the handrail, and

(c) the fasteners consist of no fewer than 2 No. 8 wood screws at each point, penetrating not less than 32 mm into solid wood.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence(2)and except at the leading edge at the top of a flight, every surface to which access is provided, including but not limited to flights of steps and ramps, exterior landings, porches, balconies, mezzanines, galleries and raised walkways, shall be protected by a guard on each side that is not protected by a wall for the length where the difference in elevation is more than 600 mm between the walking surface and the adjacent surface within 1.2 m.

(2) Guards are not required

(a) at loading docks,

(b) at floor pits in repair garages, or

(c) where access is provided for maintenance purposes only.

(3) Doors in buildings of residential occupancy, where the finished floor on one side of the door is more than 600 mm above the floor or other constructed surface or ground level on the other side of the door, shall be protected by

(a) a guard, or

(b) a mechanism capable of controlling the free swinging or sliding of the door so as to limit any clear unobstructed opening to not more than 100 mm.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), openable windows in buildings of residential occupancy shall be protected by (a) a guard, or

(b) a mechanism that can only be released with the use of tools or special knowledge to control the free swinging or sliding operation of the openable part of the window so as to limit any clear unobstructed opening to not more than 100 mm measured either vertically or horizontally. (See Note A-9.8.8.1.(4))

(5) Windows need not be protected in accordance with Sentence (4), where the bottom edge of the openable portion of the window is located

(a) more than 900 mm above the finished floor, or

(b) less than 1 800 mm above the floor or ground on the other side of the window. (See Note A-9.8.8.1.(4))

(6) Except as provided in Sentence (7), glazing installed over stairs, ramps and landings that extends to less than 1 070 mm above the surface of the treads, ramp or landing shall be

(a) protected by guards in accordance with this Subsection, or

(b) non-openable and designed to withstand the specified lateral loads for guards as provided in Article 4.1.5.14.

(7) In dwelling units, glazing installed over stairs, ramps and landings that extends to less than 900 mm above the surface of the treads, ramp or landing shall be

(a) protected by guards in accordance with this Subsection, or

(b) non-openable and designed to withstand the specified lateral loads for guards as provided in Article 4.1.5.14.

(8) Glazing installed in public areas that extends to less than 1 m from the floor and is located above the second storey in buildings of residential occupancy shall be

(a) protected by guards in accordance with this Subsection, or

(b) non-openable and designed to withstand the specified lateral loads for guards as provided in Article 4.1.5.14.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3), (5) and (6), guards shall be designed to resist the specified loads prescribed in Table 9.8.8.2.

(2) The size of the opening between any two adjacent vertical elements within a guar d shall not exceed the limits required by Sentence 9.8.8.5.(1) when each of these elements is subjected to a specified live load of 0.1 kN applied in opposite directions in the in-plane direction of the guard so as to produce the most critical effect.

(3) For guards within dwelling units and within houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces and for exterior guards serving not more than two dwelling units, where the width and spacing of balusters are such that three balusters can be engaged by a load imposed over a 300 mm width, the load shall be imposed so as to engage three balusters.

(4) None of the specified loads specified in Table 9.8.8.2. need be considered to act simultaneously.

(5) For guards within dwelling units and within houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces and for exterior guards serving not more than two dwelling units, Table 9.8.8.2. need not apply where the guard construction used has been demonstrated to provide effective performance.

(6) Guards constructed in accordance with the requirements in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-7, “Guards for Housing and Small Buildings” shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of Sentence (1).

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.8.8.2.:

(1) The load that creates the most critical condition shall apply.

(2) See Sentence (3).

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to(3. 1), all guards shall be not less than 1 070 mm high.

(2) All guards within dwelling units or within houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be not less than 900 mm high.

(3) Exterior guards serving not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be not less than 900 mm high where the walking surface served by the guard is not more than 1 800 mm above the finished ground level.

(3.1) The height of guards for exterior stairs and landings more than 10 m above adjacent ground level shall be not less than 1 500 mm.

(4) The height of guards for flights of steps shall be measured vertically from the top of the guard to a line drawn through the tread nosing served by the guard.

(1) Except for floors of garages referred to in Section 9.35., where garage floors or ramps are 600 mm or more above the adjacent ground or floor level, every opening through a garage floor and the perimeter of floors and ramps that have no exterior walls shall be provided with

(a) a continuous curb not less than 140 mm in height, and

(b) a guard not less than 1 070 mm above the floor level.

(2) Vehicle guardrails shall be designed and constructed to withstand the loading values stipulated in Sentence 4.1.5.15.(1). (See Note A-4.1.5.14. and 4.1.5.15.(1))

(1) Except as permitted in Sentences(3)and (4), openings through guards shall be of a size that prevents the passage of a spherical object having a diameter of 100 mm. (See Note A-9.8.8.5.(1) and (3))

(2) Except for guards that serve industrial occupancie s, the triangular openings formed by stair risers, stair treads and the bottom element of a required guard shall be of a size that prevents the passage of a 150 mm diam sphere.

(3) Except where they serve storage garages, guards in industrial occupancies are permitted to consist of

(a) a top railing, and

(b) one or more horizontal intermediate rails spaced such that the size of the openings through the guar d prevents the passage of a spherical object having a diameter of 535 mm. (See Note A-9.8.8.5.(1) and (3))

(4) Openings through any guard that is not required by Article 9.8.8.1. and that serves an occupancy other than industrial occupancy, shall be of a size that

(a) prevents the passage of a spherical object having a diameter of 100 mm, or

(b) permits the passage of a spherical object having a diameter of 200 mm. (See Note A-9.8.8.5.(4))

(1) Guards required by Article 9.8.8.1., except those in industrial occupancies and where it can be shown that the location and size of openings do not represent a hazard, shall be designed so that no member, attachment or opening located between 140 mm and 900 mm above the floor or walking surface protected by the guard will facilitate climbing. (See Note A-9.8.8.6.(1))

(1) Glass in guards shall be

(a) safety glass of the laminated or tempered type conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1, “Safety Glazing,” or

(b) wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass.”

(1) Except as specified in Articles 9.8.9.4. and 9.8.9.5., stairs and ramps shall be designed for strength and rigidity under uniform loading criteria to support specified loads of

(a) 1.9 kPa for stairs and ramps serving not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, and

(b) 4.8 kPa for other stairs and ramps.

(1) Exterior concrete stairs with more than 2 risers and 2 treads shall be

(a) supported on unit masonry or concrete walls or piers not less than 150 mm in cross-section, or

(b) cantilevered from the main foundation wall.

(2) Stairs described in Sentence (1), when cantilevered from the foundat ion wall, shall be constructed and installed in conformance with Subsection 9.8.10.

(3) The depth below ground level for foundations for exterior steps shall conform to the requirements in Section 9.12.

(1) Exterior wood steps shall not be in direct contact with the ground unless suitably treated with a wood preservative.

(1) Wooden stair stringers shall

(a) have a minimum effective depth of 90 mm, measured perpendicularly to the bottom of the stringer at the point of minimum cross-section, and an overall depth of not less than 235 mm,

(b) be supported and secured top and bottom,

(c) be not less than 25 mm actual thickness if supported along their length and 38 mm actual thickness if unsupported along their length, and

(d) except as permitted in Sentence (2), be spaced not more than 900 mm o.c. in stairs serving not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, and 600 mm o.c. in other stairs.

(2) For stairs serving not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, where risers support the front portion of the tread, the space between stringers shall be not more than 1 200 mm.

(1) Stair treads of lumber, plywood or O-2 grade OSB within dwelling units shall be not less than 25 mm actual thickness, except that, if open risers are used and the distance between stringers exceeds 750 mm, the treads shall be not less than 38 mm actual thickness.

(2) Stair treads of plywood or OSB, that are not continuously supported by the riser shall have their face grain or direction of face orientation at right angles to the stringers.

(0.1) Except as required by Sentence (2), the finish for treads, landings and ramps shall be

(a) wear-resistant,

(b) slip-resistant, and

(c) smooth, even and free from open defects.

(1) The finish for treads and landings of interior stairs in dwelling units, other than stairs to unfinished basements, shall consist of hardwood, vertical grain softwood, resilient flooring or other material providing equivalent performance.

(2) Treads and landings of interior and exterior stairs and ramps, other than those within dwelling units or within houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces, shall have a slip-resistant finish or be provided with slip-resistant strips that extend not more than 1 mm above the surface.

(3) Stairs and ramps, except those serving a house wit h a secondary suite, an individual dwelling unit, service rooms or service space s, shall have a colour contrast or a distinctive visual pattern to demarcate

(a) the leading edge of the treads,

(b) the leading edge of the landing, and

(c) the beginning and end ofa ramp.

(4) Except for stairs serving a house with a s econdary suite, an individual dwelling unit, service rooms or service spaces, a tactile attention indicator conforming to Article 3.8.3.18. shall be installed

(a) at the top of the stairs, starting one tread depth back from the edge of the top stair, and

(b) at the leading edge of landings where a doorway opens onto stairs, starting one tread depth back from the edge of the landing.

(1) Exterior concrete steps and their anchorage system that are cantilevered from a foundation wall shall be designed and installed to support the loads to which they may be subjected.

(1) Cantilevered concrete steps referred to in Article 9.8.10.1. shall be anchored to concrete foundation walls not less than 200 mm thick.

(1) Suitable precautions shall be taken during backfilling and grading operations to ensure that subsequent freezing of the soil will not cause uplift forces on the underside of cantilevered concrete steps to the extent that the steps or the walls to which they are attached will be damaged.

(1) Stairways, handrails and guards in a means of egress shall conform to the requirements in Section 9.8. as well as to the requirements in this Section.

(1) In addition to the fire protection requirements provided in Subsection 9.9.4., flame-spread ratings,fire-resistance ratings and fire-protection ratings for means of egress shall conform to Section 9.10.

(1) The occupant load of a floor area or part ofa floor area shall be based on

(a) two persons per sleeping room or sleeping area in a dwelling unit or suite, and

(b) for occupancies other than as described in Clause (a), the number of persons

(i) for which the area is designed, or

(ii) determined from Table 3.1.17.1.

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Section, an exit from any floor area shall be one of the following used singly or in combination:

(a) an exterior doorway,

(b) an exterior passageway,

(c) an exterior ramp,

(d) an exterior stairway,

(e) a fire escape,

(f) a horizontal exit,

(g) an interior passageway,

(h) an interior ramp, or

(i) an interior stairway.

(2) Fire escapes shall only be used as exits on existing buildings and shall be designed and installed in conformance with Subsection 3.4.7.

(2.1) Fire escapes shall not be installed on any new building.

(3) Where a horizontal exit is used, it shall conform to Sentence 3.4.1.6.(1) and Article 3.4.6.10.

(1) An exit shall be designed for no purpose other than for exiting, except that an exit may also serve as an access to a floor area.

(1) Elevators, slide escapes or windows shall not be considered as part of a required means of egress.

(2) Except for floor areas of mercantile occupancy, casement windows not less than 1 060 mm high, 560 mm wide, with a sill height not more than 900 mm above the inside floor, are permitted to be considered part ofa required means of egress to provide access to fire escapes, when fire escapes are permitted.

(1) Except for doors serving a single dwelling un it or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, at least one door at every principal entrance to a building providing access from the exterior at ground level shall be designed in accordance with the requirements for exits.

(1) Except for curved stairs, the front edge of stair treads in exits and access to exits shall be at right angles to the direction of exit travel.

(1) Treads and landings of exterior exit stairs that serve a hotel shall be designed to be free from ice and snow accumulation.

(1) This Subsection applies to every means of egress except

(a) exits that serve not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, and

(b) access to exits within dwelling units and within houses with a seco ndary suite including their common spaces.

(1) Except for doors and corridors, the width of every exit facility shall be not less than 900 mm. (See Article 9.9.6.3. for doors, Article 9.8.2.1. for stairs, and Article 9.8.5.2. for ramps.)

(1) The width of every public corridor, corridor used by the public, and exit corridor shall be not less than 1 100 mm. (See also Subsection 9.9.5. for obstructions in corridors.)

(1) Except for stairways, doorways and storage garages, the minimum clear height in exits and access to exits shall be 2.1 m. (See Article 9.8.2.2. for stairs, Article 9.8.5.3. for ramps, Article 9.8.6.4. for landings and Article 9.9.6.2. for doorways.)

(2) The clear height in exits and access to exits in a storage garage shall be not less than 2 m.

(1) Except as provided in Articles 9.9.4.4. and 9.9.4.6., this Subsection applies to the fire protection of all exits except exits serving not more than one dwe lling unit.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (5) and Article 9.9.8.5., every exit other than an exit doorway shall be separated from each adjacent floor area or from another exit by afire separation having afire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly above the floor area.

(2) Where there is no floor assembly above, the fire-resistance rating required in Sentence (1) shall not be less than that required by Subsection 9.10.8. for the floor assembly below, but in no case shall the fire-resistan ce rating be less than 45 min.

(3) Afire separation common to 2 exits shall be smoke-tight and not be pierced by doorways, duct work, piping or any other opening that may affect the continuity of the separation.

(4) Afire separation that separates an exit from the remainder of the building shall have no openings except those for electrical wiring, noncombustibl e conduit and noncombust ible piping that serve only the exit, and for standpipes, sprinkler piping, exit doorways and wired glass and glass block permitted in Article 9.9.4.3.

(5) The requirements in Sentence (1) do not apply to an exterior exit passageway provided the passageway has at least 50% of its exterior sides open to the outdoors and is served by an exit stair at each end of the passageway.

(1) This Article applies to wired glass in doors, and wired glass or glass block in sidelights, where these are installed in fire separations between exit enclosures and floor areas.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the combined area of glazing in doors and sidelights shall not exceed 0.8 m².

(3) Where an exit enclosure connects with a floor area through an enclosed vestibule or corridor separated from the floor area by fire separations having not less than a 45 min fire-resistance rati ng, the glazed areas described in Sentence (1) need not be limited as required in Sentence (2).

(1) Where an unenclosed exterior exit stair or ramp provides the only means of egress from a suite, and is exposed to fire from openings in the exterior walls of another fire compartment, or another dwelling unit, ancillary space or common space in a house with a secondary suite, the openings in the exterior walls of the building shall be protected with wired glass in fixed steel frames or glass block conforming to Articles 9.10.13.5. and 9.10.13.7. when the openings in the exterior walls of the building are within 3 m horizontally and less than 10 m below or less than 5 m above the exit stair or ramp.

(1) Either openings in exterior walls of an exit or openings in adjacent exterior walls of the building the exit serves shall be protected with wired glass in fixed steel frames or glass block installed in accordance with Articles 9.10.13.5. and

(1) This Article applies to

(a) exit doors serving other than an individual dwelling unit, and

(b) exit doors serving an individual dwel ling unit where there is no second and separate exit from the dwelling unit.

(2) Where an exterior exit door described in Sentence (1) in one fire compartment is within 3 m horizontally of an unprotected opening in another fire compartment and the exterior walls of these fire compartments intersect at an exterior angle of less than 135°, the opening shall be protected with wired glass in fixed steel frames or glass block conforming to Articles 9.10.13.5. and 9.10.13.7. or with a rated closure conforming to Table 9.10.13.1. with respect to the rating of the fire separation between the two compartments.

(1) Notwithstanding the requirements of Sentences 9.9.4.2.(1), 9.9.8.2.(1) and Article 9.10.9.5., where a suite of Group D or E occupancy is located partly on the first storey and partly on the second storey or partly on the second storey and partly on the third storey, stairways serving the suite need not be constructed as exit stairs provided

(a) the building is not greater than 3 storeys in building height,

(b) the suite is separated from other occupancies by afire separation having afire- resistance rating of not less than 45 min,

(c) the area occupied by the suite is not greater than 100 m² per storey, other than the exit level storey,

(d) the maximum travel distance from any point in the suite to an exterior exit is not greater than 25 m,

(e) the floor assemblies have afire-resistance ratin g of not less than 45 min or are of noncombustible construction, (f) the basement and first storey are separated by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min, and

(g) a smoke alarm is installed on each floor of the suite, including the basement, in accordance with Subsection 9.10.19.

(1) This Subsection applies to obstructions and hazards in every means of egress except those within a dwelling unit or serving not more than one dwelli ng unit.

(1) Where a corridor contains an occupancy, the occupancy shall not reduce the unobstructed width of the corridor to less than the required width of the corridor.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), obstructions located within 1 980 mm of the floor shall not project horizontally more than 100 mm into exit passageways, corridors used by the public or public corridors in a manner that would create a hazard for visually impaired persons travelling adjacent to walls.

(2) The horizontal projection of an obstruction referred to in Sentence (1) is permitted to exceed 100 mm where the obstruction extends to less than 680 mm above the floor. (See Note A-3.3.1.8.(2) and (3))

(1) Except as permitted in Subsection 9.9.6. and Article 9.8.7.6., no fixture, turnstile or construction shall project within the required width of an exit.

(1) No obstructions such as posts or turnstiles shall be placed so as to restrict the width of a required means of egress from a floor area or part ofa floor area to less than 750 mm unless an alternate unobstructed means of egress is provided adjacent to and plainly visible from the restricted egress.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), no obstructions, such as counter gates, that do not meet the requirements for exit doors, shall be placed in a required means of egress from a floor area or part of a floor area unless an alternate unobstructed means of egress is provided adjacent to and plainly visible from the restricted egress.

(3) Obstructions, such as counter gates, that do not satisfy Sentence (2), are permitted to be placed in a required means of egress from a part of a floor area in mercantile occupancies and busin ess and personal services occupancies, provided that the part of the floor area served by the obstructed means of egress is not generally accessible to the public.

(1) No mirror shall be placed in or adjacent to any exit so as to confuse the direction of exit, and no mirror or draperies shall be placed on or over exit doors.

(1) Fuel-fired appliances shall not be installed in an exit or corridor serving as an access to exit.

(1) Service rooms containing equipment subject to possible explosion, such as boilers designed to operate at a pressure in excess of 100 kPa, and certain types of refrigerating and transformer equipment, shall not be located under required exits.

(1) Except in houses with a secondary suite, ancillary rooms such as storage rooms, washrooms, toilet rooms, laundry rooms and service rooms shall not open directly into an exit.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (4), swinging doors in their swing shall conform to Sentences (2) and (3)

(a) at exit doors,

(b) at doors that open into or are located within a public corridor, and

(c) at doors that open into or are located within another facility that provides access to exit from a suite.

(2) When fully open, doors described in Sentence (1) shall not decrease the required exit width by more than

(a) 100 mm in exit corridors, and

(b) 50 mm for other exit facilities.

(3) The swing of doors described in Sentence (1) shall not reduce the width of the path of travel to less than

(a) the required exit width in exit corridors and passageways, and

(b) 750 mm on exit stairs or landings.

(4) Doors serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite need not comply with Sentences (2) and (3).

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the clear opening height of doorways shall be not less than 2 030 mm high at

(a) exit doors,

(b) doors that open into or are located within a public corridor, and

(c) doors that open into or are located within another facility that provides access to exit from a suite.

(2) The clear opening height under door closers and other devices in doorways described in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 1 980 mm.

(3) Doorways serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a se condary suite need not comply with Sentences (1) and

(2). (See also Article 9.5.5.1.)

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (4), the clear opening width of doorways shall comply with Sentence (2) at

(a) exit doors, and

(b) doors that open into or are located within a public corridor or other facility that provides access to exit from a suite.

(2) Doorways described in Sentence (1) shall be

(a) not less than 800 mm wide where there is only one door leaf,

(b) not less than 800 mm wide where multiple-leaf doors are installed with only one active leaf having a latching mechanism described in Article 9.9.6.7., and

(c) not less than 1 210 mm wide where multiple-leaf doors are installed with two active leaves.

(3) In doorways described in Sentence (1) that have multiple-leaf doors installed,

(a) no active leaf shall be less than 810 mm wide where only one leafis active, and

(b) no single leaf shall be less than 610 mm wide where two leaves are active.

(4) Doorways serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite need not comply with Sentence (2). (See also Article 9.5.5.1.)

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), required exit doors and doors in required means of egress, except doors in means of egress within dwellin g units, shall swing on the vertical axis.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (5), breakaway sliding doors, installed as required exit doors or required doors in means of egress, shall be identified as swinging doors by means of a label or decal affixed to the door.

(3) Revolving doors shall comply with Article 3.4.6.15.

(4) Movable partitions used to separate a public corri dor from an adjacent business and personal services occupancy or a mercantile occupancy need not conform to Sentence (1), provided the partitions are not located in the only means of egress. (See Note A-3.3.1.12.(3))

(5) Exit doors need not conform to Sentence (1) or (2), where

(a) the doors serve accessory buildings where life safety is not adversely affected,

(b) the doors serve storage garages or other accessory bui ldings serving not more than one dwelling unit, or

(c) the doors

(i) serve storage suites of not more than 28 m2 in gross area that are in warehousing buildings of not more tha one storey, and

(ii) open directly to the exterior at ground level.

(1) Except as permitted by Sentence (1.1) and except for doors serving single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite, exit doors that are required to swing shall swing in the direction of exit travel.

(1.1) An exit door need not swing in the direction of exi t travel where it serves

(a) a room, suite or floor area having an occupant load of not more than 60 persons, or

(b) as part ofa means of egress from more than one floor area and the f loor areas so served have a total occupant load of not more than 60 persons..

(2) Doors that open onto a corridor or other facility that provides access to exit from a room or suite having an occupant load of more than 60 persons shall swing on the vertical axis in the direction of exit travel.

(3) Doors that divide a corridor that is not wholly contained within a suite shall swing in the direction of exit travel.

(4) Where a pair of doors is installed in a corridor that provides access to exit in both directions, the doors shall

(a) swing in opposite directions, with the door on the right hand-side swinging in the direction of exit travel, or

(b) swing in both directions.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the distance between a stair riser and the leading edge of a door during its swing, except for doors serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite, shall be not less than 300 mm.

(2) Where there is a danger of blockage from ice or snow, an exit door, including doors serving a single dwelling unit, may open onto not more than one step, provided the riser of such a step does not exceed 150 mm.

(1) Principal entrance doors, exit doors and doors to sui tes, including exterior doors of dwelling units, and other doors in an access to exit shall

(a) be openable from the inside or in travelling to an exit without requiring keys, special devices or specialized knowledge of the door-opening mechanism, or

(b) be controlled by electromagnetic locking mechanisms in accordance with Sentence 3.4.6.16.(5).

(2) Except for doors serving a single dwell ing unit or a house with a secondary suite, and doors to accessory buildings and to garages serving a single dwelling unit, door release hardware on doors in a means of egress shall be operable with one hand and the door shall be openable with not more than one releasing operation. (See also Sentence 3.8.3.6.(4) and Note A-3.3.1.13.(4))

(3) Door release hardware on doors in a means of egress shall be installed 900 mm to 1 100 mm above the finished floor.

(4) Except for hotels, a door opening onto a public corridor that provides access to exit from suites shall be designed not to lock automatically when such doors are equipped with an automatic self-closing device. (See Note A-3.3.4.5.(1))

(1) Except as required by Sentence 3.8.3.3.(7), every exit door, except doors serving a single dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite, shall be designed and installed so that when the latch is released the door will open in the direction of exit travel under a force of not more than 90 N applied to the door release hardware. (See Sentence 3.8.3.6.(8) for door opening forces in a barrier-free path of travel.)

Contained Open Spaces

(1) An access to exit shall be provided from every roof intended for occu pancy and from every podium, terrace, platform or contained open space.

(2) Where a roof is intended for an occupant load of more than 60 persons, at least 2 separate means of egress shall be provided from the roof to stairs designed in conformance with the requirements for exit stairs and located remote from each other.

(3) Where a podium, terrace, platform or contained open space is provided, egress requirements shall conform to the appropriate requirements for rooms or suites in Article 9.9.7.4.

(1) Except as required in Sentence 9.9.9.3.(1), each suite in a floor area occupied by more than one suite shall have (a) an exterior exit doorway,

(b) a doorway to a public corridor, or

(c) a doorway to an exterior passageway.

(2) Except as provided in Sentences 9.9.7.3.(1) and 9.9.8.2.(2), from the point where a doorway described in Clause(1)(b) or (c) enters the public corridor or exterior passageway, it shall be possible to go in opposite directions to each of 2 separate exits.

(1) A dead-end public corridor is permitted in an occupancy shown in Table 9.9.7.3., where

(a) the dead-end corridor

(i) does not exceed the distance of travel measured from the most remote point of the dead-end to a point where it is possible to go in opposite directions to each of two separate exits, and

(ii) is provided with doors equipped with self-closing devices, or

(b) there is a second and separate egress doorway from each room or suite not leading into the dead-end corridor.

(2) Dead-end public corridors in r esidential occupancies and business and personal services occupancies shall contain only suite door openings arranged so that not more than two such doors have to be passed to reach the nearest exit.

(3) The area of wired glass in doors required by Sentence (2) shall not exceed 645 cm².

(1) Except for dwelling units, at least two egress doors shall be provided where

(a) the area of a room or suite exceeds 200 m² in a Group D, E, F2 and F3 occupancy, or 150 m² in a Group C occupancy, or

(b) the distance measured from any point within a room or suite to the nearest egress door exceeds 25 m.

(2) Doors required in Sentence (1) shall be spaced so that in the event one door is made inaccessible by a fire within such a room or suite, the other door will provide safe egress.

(1) Required access to exit from suites shall not be through any other dwelling unit, service room or other occupancy.

(1) Except for dwelling units, the travel distance from any point within the room or suite to the nearest egress door shall not exceed the maximum travel distance in Article 9.9.8.2.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), for the purposes of this Subsection, travel distance means the distance from any point in the fl oor area to an exit measured along the path of exit travel.

(2) Where a room or suite is separated from the remainder of the floor area by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of at least 45 min or, in a sprinklered building, by afire separation which is not required to have afire-resistance rating, the travel distance may be measured from an egress door of the room or suite to the nearest exit.

(3) Where a public corridor is not less than 9 m wide and conforms to Subclauses 3.4.2.5.(1)(d)(i) to (d)(iv), the travel distance may be determined in accordance with those Subclauses.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and Subsection 9.9.9., at least 2 exits shall be provided from every floor area, spaced so that the travel distance to the nearest exit is not more than

(a) 40 m in the case of business and person al services occupancies,

(b) 45 m for all occupancies where the floor area is sprinklered, and

(c) 30 m for all other occupancies.

(2) Except as provided in Subsection 9.9.9., a single exit is permitted from each storey in buildings of 1 and 2 storeys in building height provided the floor area and travel distance requirements conform to those required in Article 9.9.7.4. and the total occupant load served by an exit facility does not exceed 60 persons.

(3) In boarding, lodging or rooming houses,

(a) where sleeping accommodation is provided for not more than eight persons, a single exit is permitted from each floor area, or

(b) where sleeping accommodation is not provided in the basement, a single exit is permitted from the basement floor area.

(1) Where more than one exit is required from a floor area, each exit shall be considered as contributing not more than half the required exit width.

(1) Where more than one exit is required from a floor area, at least 2 exits shall be independent of each other and be placed remote from each other along the path of travel between them. (See Note A-9.9.8.4.(1))

(1) Not more than one exit from a floor area is permitted to lead through a lobby.

(2) The lobby referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not more than 4.5 m above grade, and the path of travel through the lobby to the outdoors shall not exceed 15 m.

(3) The lobby referred to in Sentence (1) shall conform in all respects to the requirements for exits, except that rooms other than service rooms, storage rooms and rooms of residential or industrial occupancy are permitted to open directly onto such lobby.

(3.1) Except as provided in Sentence (6), an exit is permitted to lead through a lobby referred to in Sentence (1) provided the lobby is not located within an interconnected floor space other than as described in Sentence 3.2.8.2.(6).

(4) Where the lobby referred to in Sentence (1) and adjacent occupancies that are permitted to open into the lobby are sprinklered, the fire separation between such occupancies and the lobby need not have afire-resistance rating. (See Note A-3.4.4.2.(2)(e))

(5) Passenger elevators are permitted to open onto the lobby referred to in Sentence (1) provided the elevator doors are designed to remain closed except while loading and unloading passengers.

(6) An exit that serves a hotel is permitted to lead through a lobby referred to in Sentence (1) provided the lobby is not located within an interconnected floor space.

(1) Except as provided by Sentences (2) and (3), the space above a mezzanine shall be served by at least two means of egress leading to exits accessible at the mezzanine level on the same basis as floor are as.

(2) One means of egress from a mezzanine is permitted, where

(a) the mezzanine is not required to terminate at a vertical fire separation, as permitted by Sentence 9.10.12.1.(2),

(b) the occupant load of the mezzanine is not more than 60,

(c) the area of the mezzanine does not exceed the area limits of Clause 9.9.7.4.(1)(a), and

(d) the distance limits of Clause 9.9.7.4.(1)(b) measured along the path of travel, are not exceeded from any point on the mezzanine to

(i) an egress door serving the space that the mezzanine overlooks if the space is served by a single egress door, or

(ii) an egress stairway leading to an access to exit in the space below if that space is required to be served by two or more egress doorways in conformance with Sentence 9.9.7.4.(1).

(3) One of the means of egress from a mezzanine that is not required to terminate at a fire separation as permitted by Sentence 9.10.12.1.(2) and that exceeds the limits of Sentence (2), is permitted to lead through the room in which the mezzanine is located provided all other means of egress from that mezzanine lead to exits accessible at the mezzanine level.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the maximum travel distance from any point on a mezzanine to the nearest exit shall be not more than

(a) 40 m in a business and personal services occupancy,

(b) 45 m in a floor area that is sprinklered throughout, provided it does not contain a high-hazard industrial occupancy, or

(c) 30 m in any floor area not referred to in Clause (a) or (b).

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), every dwelling unit containing more than 1 storey shall have exits or egress doors located so that it shall not be necessary to travel up or down more than 1 storey to reach a level served by

(a) an egress door to a public corridor, enclosed exit stair or exterior passageway, or

(b) an exit doorway not more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level.

(2) Where a dwelling unit is not located above or below another suite, the travel limit from a floor level in the dwelling unit to an exit or egress door may exceed 1 storey where that floor level is served by an openable window or door

(a) providing an unobstructed opening of not less than 1 m in height and 0.55 m in width, and

(b) located so that the sill is not more than

(i) 1 m above the floor, and

(ii) 7 m above adjacent ground level.

(3) The travel limit from a floor level in a dwelling unit to an exit or egress door may exceed 1 storey where that floor level has direct access to a balcony.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence 9.9.7.3.(1) and except for dwelling units in a house with a secondary suite, where an egress door from a dwelling unit opens onto a public corridor or exterior passageway it shall be possible from the location where the egress door opens onto the corridor or exterior passageway to go in opposite directions to 2 separate exits unless the dwelling unit has a second and separate m eans of egress.

(1) Except for dwelling units in a house with a seco ndary suite, a dwelling unit shall be provided with a second and separate means of egress where an egress door from the dwelling unit opens onto

(a) an exit stairway serving more than one suite,

(b) apublic corridor

(i) serving more than one suite, and

(ii) served by a single exit,

(c) an exterior passageway

(i) serving more than one suite,

(ii) served by a single exit stairway or ramp, and

(iii) more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level, or

(d) a balcony

(i) serving more than one suite,

(ii) served by a single exit stairway or ramp, and

(iii) more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level.

(2) Where a dwelling unit is located above another dwel ling unit or common space in a house with a secondary suite, the upper dwelling unit shall be provided with as second and separate means of egress where an egress door from that dwelling unit opens onto an exterior passageway that

(a) has a floor assembly with afire-resistance rating less than 45 min,

(b) is served by a single exit stairway or ramp, and

(c) is located more than 1.5 m above adjacent ground level.

(1) Except where a door on the same floor level as the bedroom provides direct access to the exterior, every floor level containing a bedroom in a suite shall be provided with at least one outside window that

(a) is openable from the inside without the use of tools,

(b) provides an individual, unobstructed open portion having a minimum area of 0.35 m² with no dimension less than 380 mm, and

(c) maintains the required opening described in Clause (b) without the need for additional support. (See Note A-9.9.10.1.(1))

(2) Except for basement areas, the window required in Sentence (1) shall have a maximum sill height of 1 000 mm above the floor. (See Note A-9.9.10.1.(2))

(3) Where a window required in Sentence (1) opens into a window well, a clearance of not less than 550 mm shall be provided in front of the window. (See Note A-9.9.10.1.(3))

(4) Where the sash of a window referred to in Sentence (3) swings towards the window well, the operation of the sash shall not reduce the clearance in a manner that would restrict escape in an emergency.

(5) Where a protective enclosure is installed over the window well referred to in Sentence (3), the enclosure shall be openable from the inside without the use of keys, tools or special knowledge of the opening mechanism.

(6) When sliding windows are used, the minimum dimension described in Sentence (1) shall apply to the openable portion of the window.

(7) Where the sleeping area within a live / work unit is on a mezzanine with no obstructions more than 1 070 mm above the floor, the window required in Sentence (1) may be provided on the main level of the live/wor k unit provided the mezzanine is not more than 25% of the area of the live / work unit or 20 m2, whichever is less, and an unobstructed direct path of travel is provided from the mezzanine to this window.

(1) This Subsection applies to all exits except those serving not more than one dwelling unit or a house with a secondary suite.

(1) Exits shall be located so as to be clearly visible or their locations shall be clearly indicated.

(2) Where an exit door leading directly to the outside is subject to being obstructed by a parked vehicle or storage because of its location, a visible sign prohibiting such obstructions shall be permanently mounted on the exterior side of the door.

(1) Except as required in Sentence (7), every exit door shall have an exit sign placed over it or adjacent to it if the exit serves

(a) a building that is 3 storeys in building height,

(b) a building having an occupant load of more than 150, or

(c) a room or floor area that has a fire escape as part of a required means of egress.

(2) Except as required in Sentence (6), every exit sign shall

(a) be visible on approach to the exit,

(b) consist of a green pictogram and a white or lightly tinted graphical symbol meeting the colour specifications referred to in ISO 3864-1, “Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings,” and

(c) conform to ISO 7010, “Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Registered safety signs,” for the following symbols: (See Note A-3.4.5.1.(2)(c))

(i) E001 emergency exit left,

(ii) E002 emergency exit right,

(iii) E005 90-degree directional arrow, and

(iv) E006 45-degree directional arrow.

(3) Internally illuminated exit signs shall be continuously illuminated, and

(a) where illumination of the sign is powered by an electrical circuit, be constructed in conformance with CSA C22.2 No. 141, “Emergency lighting equipment,” or

(b) where illumination of the sign is not powered by an electrical circuit, be

(i) constructed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S572, “Standard for Photoluminescent and Self-Luminous Exit Signs and Path Marking Systems,” and

(ii) labelled in accordance with the time duration for which they have been tested and listed.

(4) Externally illuminated exit signs shall be continuously illuminated at all times by a light fixture supplied by an electrical circuit.

(5) The circuitry serving lighting for externally and internally illuminated exit signs shall

(a) serve no equipment other than emergency lighting in the area where the exit signs are installed, and

(b) be connected to an emergency power supply as described in Sentences 9.9.12.3.(2), (3) and (7).

(6) An exit sign conforming to Clauses (2)(b) and (c) with an arrow or other indicator pointing at the direction of egress shall be provided where no exit is visible from

(a) apublic corridor,

(b) a corridor used by the public, or

(c) a principal route serving an open floor area having an occupant load of more than 150.

(7) Except for s uite doors opening directly to the exterior, every exit serving a hotel shall have an exit sign placed over it or adjacent to it.

(1) In buildings that are 3 storeys in building height, any part ofan exit ramp or stairway that continues up or down past the lowest exit level shall be clearly marked to indicate that it does not lead to an exit if the portion below exit level may be mistaken as the direction of exit travel.

(1) Arabic numerals indicating the assigned floor number shall be

(a) except in hotels, mounted permanently on the stair side of the wall at the latch side of doors to exit stair shafts, (b) in hotels, mounted permanently on each side of the exit doors to the exit stair shaft,

(c) not less than 60 mm high, raised approximately 0.8 mm above the surface,

(d) located 1 500 mm from the finished floor and not more than 300 mm from the door, and

(e) contrasting in colour with the surface on which they are applied. (See Note A-9.9.11.5.(1)(e))

(1) This Subsection applies to the lighting of all means o f egress except those within dwelling units or a house with a secondary suite.

(1) Every exit, public corridor or corridor providing access to exit for the public shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of not less than 50 lx at floor or tread level and at all points such as angles and intersections at changes of level where there are stairs or ramps.

(2) The minimum value of the illumination required by Sentence (1) shall be not less than 10 lx.

(1) Emergency lighting shall be provided in

(a) exits,

(b) principal routes providing access to exit in an open floor area,

(c) corridors used by the public,

(d) underground walkways, and

(e) public corridors.

(2) Emergency lighting required in Sentence (1) shall be provided from a source of energy separate from the electrical supply for the building.

(3) Lighting required in Sentence (1) shall be designed to be automatically actuated for a period of at least 30 min when the electric lighting in the affected area is interrupted.

(4) Illumination from lighting required in Sentence (1) shall be provided to average levels of not less than 10 lx at floor or tread level.

(5) The minimum value of the illumination required by Sentence (4) shall be not less than 1 1x.

(6) Where incandescent lighting is provided, lighting equal to 1 W/m² of floor area shall be considered to meet the requirement in Sentence (4).

(7) Where self-contained emergency lighting units are used, they shall conform to CSA C22.2 No. 141, “Emergency lighting equipment.”

(1) For the purposes of this Section, roofs with slopes of 60 ° or more to the horizontal and that are adjacent to a room or space intended for occupancy shall be considered as a wall.

(1) Where life safety and fire protection systems and systems with fire protection and life safety functions are integrated with each other, they shall be tested as a whole in accordance with CAN/ULC-S1001, “Standard for Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems,” to verify that they have been properly integrated. (See Note A- 3.2.9.1.(1))

(2) Sentence (1) does not apply to a building that contains only dwelling units and has no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit.

(1) Tents, air-supported structures, transformer vaults, walkways, elevators and escalators shall conform to Part 3.

(2) Where rooms or spaces are intended for an assembly occupancy, such rooms or spaces shall conform to Part 3.

(3) Basements containing more than 1 storey or exceeding 600 m2 in area shall conform to Part 3.

(4) Where rooms or spaces are intended for the storage, manufacture or use of hazardous or explosive material, such rooms or spaces shall conform to Part 3.

(5) Reserved.

(6) Openings through floors that are not protected by shafts or closures shall be protected in conformance with Subsection 3.2.8. (See also Sentence 9.9.4.7.(1))

(7) Chutes and shafts shall conform to Subsection 3.6.3. except where they are entirely contained within a dwelling unit.

(8) Sprinkler systems shall be designed, constructed and installed in conformance with Articles 3.2.5.12. to 3.2.5.15. and 3.2.5.17. (See Note A-9.10.1.3.(8) and (9))

(9) Standpipe and hose systems shall be designed, constructed and installed in conformance with Articles 3.2.5.8. to 3.2.5.11. and 3.2.5.17. (See Note A-9.10.1.3.(8) and (9))

(10) Fire pumps shall be installed in conformance with Articles 3.2.5.17. and 3.2.5.18.

(11) Where fuel-fired appliances are installed on a roof, such appliances shall be installed in conformance with Article 3.6.1.5.

(1) In kitchens containing commercial cooking equipment used in processes producing grease-laden vapours, the equipment shall be designed and installed in conformance with Article 6.3.1.6. (See Note A-9.10.1.4.(1))

(1) Every building or part ofit shall be classified according to its major occupancy as belonging to one of the groups or divisions described in Table 9.10.2.1.

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.10.2.1.:

(1) See Note A-3.1.2.1.(1).

(1) Except as permitted in Article 9.10.2.4., in any building containing more than one major occupancy in which one major occupancy is located entirely above another, the requirements of Article 9.10.8.1. for each portion of the buil ding containing a major occupancy shall be applied to that portion as if the entire building was of that major occupancy.

(1) In a building containing more than one major occupancy, where the aggregate area of all major occupancies in a particular group or division does not exceed 10% of the floor area on the storey on which they are located, they need not be considered as major occupancies for the purposes of Articles 9.10.2.3. and 9.10.8.1. provided they are not classified as Group F, Division 2 occupancies.

(1) Where afire-resistance rat ing or a fire-protection rating is required in this Section for an element of a building, such rating shall be determined in conformance with

(a) the test methods described in Part 3,

(b) MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, "Fire Performance Ratings," or

(c) MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3, "Fire and Sound Resistance Tables." (See Note A-9.10.3.1.(1))

(1) Where aflame-spread rating is required in this Section for an element of a building, such rating shall be determined in accordance with the test methods described in Part 3, or in accordance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2,

“Fire Performance Ratings.”

(2) Unless the flame-spread rating is referred to in this Part as a “surface flame-spread rating”, it shall apply to any surface of the element being considered that would be exposed by cutting through it as well as to the exposed surface of the element.

(1) Floor, roof and ceiling assemblies shall be rated for exposure to fire on the underside.

(2) Exterior walls shall be rated for exposure to fire from inside the building, except that such walls need not comply with the temperature rise limitations required by the standard tests referred to in Article 9.10.3.1. if such walls have a limiting distance of not less than 1.2 m, and due allowance is made for the effects of heat radiation in accordance with the requirements in Part 3.

(3) Firewalls and interior vertical fire separa tions required to have fire-resistance ratings shall be rated for exposure to fire on each side.

(1) Where a ceiling construction has a suspended membrane ceiling with lay-in panels or tiles that contribute to the required fire-resistance rating, hold down clips or other means shall be provided to prevent the lifting of such panels or tiles in the event of a fire.

(1) Except as required by Sentences (2)and9.10.4.2.(1),the space above a mezzanine is permitted to be excluded from the calculation of building height, provided

(a) the aggregate area of mezzanines that are not superimposed does not exceed 10% of the floor area of the building in which they are located, and

(b) the area of mezzanine in a suite does not exceed 10% of the area of that suite on the storey on which it is located.

(2) Except as required by Sentence 9.10.4.2.(1),the space above a mezzanine is permitted to be excluded from the calculation of building height, provided

(a) the aggregate area of mezzanines that are not superimposed does not exceed 40% of the open area of the room in which they are located, and (See Note A-3.2.1.1.(3)(a))

(b) except as permitted in Sentence (3),the space above the mezza nine floor is used as an open area without partitions or subdividing walls higher than 1 070 mm above the mezzanine floor.

(3) The space above a mezzanine conforming to Sentence (2)is permitted to include an enclosed space whose area does not exceed 10% of the open area of the room in which the mezzanine is located, provided the enclosed space does not obstruct visual communication between the open space above the mezzanine and the room in which it is located.

(4) For the purpose of determining occupant load, the areas of mezzanines that are not considered as store ys shall be added to the floor area of the storey on which they are located. (See Note A-9.10.4.1.(4))

(5) Platforms and catwalks intended solely for periodic inspection and maintenance need not be considered as floor assemblies or mezzanines for the purpose of calculating building height, provided

(a) they are not used for storage, and

(b) they are constructed with noncombustible materials, unless the building is permitted to be of combu stible construction.

(1) Where more than one level of mezzanine is provided in a storey, each level additional to the first shall be considered as a storey.

(1) Where a basement is used primarily as a storage garage, the basement is permitted to be considered as a separate building for the purposes of this Section provided the floor above the basement and the exterior walls of the basement above the adjoining ground level are constructed as fire separations of masonry or concrete having afire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.

(1) Rooftop enclosures provided for elevator machinery, stairways or se rvice rooms, used for no purpose other than for service to the building, shall not be considered as a storey in calculating the building height.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), a membrane forming part ofan assembly required to have afire- resistance rating shall not be pierced by openings into the assembly unless the assembly has been tested and rated for such openings.

(2) A wall or ceiling membrane forming part ofan assembly required to have afire-resistan ce rating is permitted to be pierced by openings for electrical and similar service outlet boxes, provided such outlet boxes and the penetrations conform to Article 9.10.9.8.

(2.1) Where boxes referred to in Sentence (2) are located on both sides of walls required to provide afire-resistance rating, they shall be offset where necessary to maintain the integrity of the fire separation.

(3) A membrane ceiling forming part ofan assembly assigned afire-resistance rating on the basis of Table 2 of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-3, “Fire and Sound Resistance Tables,” is permitted to be pierced by openings leading to ducts within the ceiling space provided the ducts, the amount of openings and their protection conform to Sentence

(1) Where a building or part of a building is required to be of noncombustible construction, combustible elements shall be limited in conformance with the requirements in Subsection 3.1.5.

(1) Heavy timber construction shall be considered to have a 45 min fire-resistance rating when it is constructed in accordance with the requirements for heavy timber construction in Article 3.1.4.7.

(1) Except as permitted in Article 3.2.2.3., structural steel members used in construction required to have afire-resistance rating shall be protected to provide the required fire-resistance rating.

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection, the fire-resistance ratings of floors and roofs shall conform to Table 9.10.8.1. (See Subsection 9.10.2. for mixed occupancies and Subsection 9.10.21. for construction camps.)

(1) Except for roofs that support an occupancy, the requirements in Table 9.10.8.1. for roof assemblies to have afire-resistance rating are permitted to be waived in sprinklered buildings where

(a) the sprinkler system is electrically supervised in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.9.(3), and

(b) the operation of the sprinkler system will cause a signal to be transmitted to the fire department in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.7.(4).

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection, all loadbearing walls, columns and arches in the storey immediately below a floor or roof assembly shall have afire- resistance rating of not less than that required for the supported floor or roof assembly.

(2) Light-frame walls, columns, arches and beams as well as lo adbearing steel elements that support floors between dwelling units in a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces shall be protected by not less than 15.9 mm thick Type-X gypsum board. (See Note A-9.10.8.3.(2))

(1) Where an assembly is required to be of noncombustible construction and to have afire-resistanc e rating, it shall be supported by noncombustible construction.

(1) Construction supporting a service room need not conform to Article 9.10.8.3.

(1) Mezzanines required to be counted as storeys in Articles 9.10.4.1. and 9.10.4.2. shall be constructed in conformance with the requirements for “Floors Except Floors over Crawl Spaces” in Table 9.10.8.1.

(1) Where a portion of a roof supports an occupancy, that portion shall be constructed as a fire separation having afire- resistance rating conforming to the rating for “Floors Except Floors over Crawl Spaces” in Table 9.10.8.1.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the floor assembly of every exterior passageway used as part of a means of egress shall have afire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min or be of noncombustible construction.

(2) No fire-resistance rating is required for floors of exterior passageways serving buildings of Group D, E or F major occupancy that are not more than 2 storeys in building height.

(3) No fire-resistance rating is required for floors of exterior passageways serving

(a) a house with a secondary suite, or

(b) a single dwelling unit where no suite is located above or below the dwelling unit. (See also Sentence 9.9.9.3.(2))

(1) Where a crawl space exceeds 1.8 m in height or is used for any occupancy or as aplenum in combustible construction or for the passage of flue pipes, it shall be considered as a basement in applying the requirements in Article 9.10.8.1.

(1) Table 9.10.8.1. does not apply to

(a) a dwelling unit that has no other dw elling unit above or below it,

(b) houses with a secondary suite, where the floor framing is protected on the underside by a continuous smoke-tight barrier of not less than 15.9 mm thick Type X gypsum board, or

(c) a dwelling unit that is not above or below another major occupancy.

(1) The fire-resistance ratings of floors, roofs, loadbearing walls, columns and arches need not conform to this Subsection if such assemblies conform in all respects to the appropriate requirements in Section 3.2.

(1) This Subsection applies to

(a) fire separations required between rooms and spaces in buildings, and

(b) smoke-tight barriers required in houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces.

(1) Except as permitted in Article 9.10.9.3., a wall or floor assembly required to be afire separation shall be constructed as a continuous barrier against the spread of fire and retard the passage of smoke.

(2) Except as permitted in Article 9.10.9.3., a wall or floor assembly required to be a smoke-tight barrier shall be constructed as a continuous barrier against the spread of smoke. (See Note A-9.10.9.2.(2) and (3))

(3) Except as provided in Sentence (6), the continuity of afire separation where it abuts another fire separation or smoke-tight barrier, a floor, a ceiling, or a roof shall be maintained by afirestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the fire- resistance rating for the abutting fire separation. (See Note A-9.10.9.2.(2) and (3)) (See also Note A-3.1.8.3.(2))

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (6), joints located in a horizontal plane between a floor and an exterior wall shall be sealed by afirestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in ASTM E2307, “Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-storey Test Apparatus,” has an F rating not less than the fire-resistance rating for the horizontal fire separation.

(5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), all gypsum board joints in the assemblies described in Sentences(1)and (2) shall conform to CSA A82.31-M, “Gypsum Board Application,” to maintain the integrity of the smoke-tight barrier over the entire surface.

(6) Joints between ceilings and walls, between floors and walls, and between walls at corners need not comply with Sentences (3) to(5)where such joints consist of gypsum board that is attached to framing members and arranged so as to restrict the passage of flame and smoke through the joints.

(1) Except as permitted in Articles 9.10.9.5. to 9.10.9.8., openings in required fire separations shall be protected with closures conforming to Subsection 9.10.13.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) to (4), all floor assemblies shall be constructed as fire separations.

(2) Floor assemblies contained within dwelling units and within houses with a secondary suite need not be constructed as fire separations.

(3) Floor assemblies for which no fire-resistance rating is required by Subsection 9.10.8. and floors of mezzanines not required to be counted as storeys in Articles 9.10.4.1. and 9.10.4.2. need not be constructed as fire separations.

(4) Where a crawl space is not required by Article 9.10.8.9. to be constructed as a basement, the floor above it need not be constructed as a fire separa tion.

(1) Except as permitted in Article 9.9.4.7., interconnected floor spaces shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 3.2.8.

(1) Except as required by Sentence (2) and Articles 9.10.9.7. and 9.10.9.8. and as permitted by Article 9.10.9.9., penetrations ofa required fire separ ation or a membrane forming part of an assembly required to be afire separation shall be

(a) sealed by afirestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an F rating not less than the required fire-resistance rating for the fire separation,

(b) tightly fitted or cast in place, provided the penetrating item is made of steel, ferrous, copper, concrete or masonry, or

(c) sealed to maintain the integrity of the fire separation. (See Note A-9.10.9.6.(1))

(2) Penetrations of a firewall shall be sealed at the penetration by afirestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in “CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the fire- resistance rating for the fire separation.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and(5), piping for drain, waste, vent and central vacuum systems that is not located in a vertical shaft is permitted to penetrate afire s eparation required to have afire-resistance rating or a membrane that forms part of an assembly required to have afire-resistance rating, provided the penetration is protected in accordance with Clause 9.10.9.6.(1)(a) or(b).

(2) Drain piping leading directly from a water closet through a concrete floor slab is permitted to penetrate a horizontal fire separation or a membrane that contributes to the required fire-resistance rating of a horizontal fi re separation, provided

(a) the piping is noncombustible and the penetration is protected in accordance with Sentence 9.10.9.6.(1), or

(b) the piping is combustible and the penetration is sealed by afirestop conforming to Clause 9.10.9.6.(1)(a).

(3) Combustible drain, waste and vent piping is permitted on one side of a vertical fire separation, provided it is not located in a vertical shaft.

(4) In buildings containing two dwelling units only, combustible drain, waste and vent piping is permitted on one side of a horizontal fire separ ation.

(5) Water distribution piping is permitted to partly or wholly penetrate afire separation required to have afire- resistance rating, provided

(a) the piping is noncombustible and the penetration is protected in accordance with Sentence 9.10.9.6.(1), or

(b) the piping is combustible and is not located in a vertical shaft, and the penetration is sealed by afirestop conforming to Clause 9.10.9.6.(1)(a).

(1) Except as provided in Sentences(2)to (5), outlet boxes are permitted to penetrate the membrane of an assembly required to have afire-resistance rating, provided they are sealed at the penetration by afirestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation. (See Note A-9.10.9.8.(1))

(2) Except as provided in Sentence 9.10.9.6.(2),noncombustible outlet boxes that penetrate afire separation or a membrane forming part ofan assembly required to have afi re-resistance rating need not conform to Sentence (1), provided

(a) they do not exceed

(i) 0.016 m2 in area, and

(ii) an aggregate area of 0.065 m2 in any 9.3 m2 of surface area, and

(b) the annular space between the membrane and the noncombustible outlet boxes does not exceed 3 mm.

(3) Except as provided in Sentence 9.10.9.6.(2), combustible outlet boxes that penetrate afire separation or a membrane forming part ofan assembly required to have afire-resistance rating need not conform to Sentence (1), provided

(a) the outlet boxes are

(i) separated from the remainder of the space within the assembly by an enclosure of not more than 0.3 m2 in area made of fire block material conforming to Article 9.10.16.3., or (See Note A-9.10.9.8.(3)(a)(i))

(ii) located in a space within the assembly that is filled with preformed fibre insulation processed from rock or slag conforming to CAN/ULC-S702.1, “Standard for Mineral Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings, Part 1: Material Specification,” and having a mass per unit area of not less than 1.22 kg/m2 of wall surface such that the exposed sides and back of the outlet box are encapsulated by the noncombustible insulation, and

(b) the outlet boxes do not exceed an aggregate area of 0.016 m2 in any individual enclosure as described in Subclause (a)(i)or any individual insulated space as described in Subclause (a)(ii).

(4) Noncombustible outlet boxes conforming to Sentence (2)are permitted to be located on opposite sides of a vertical fire separation having afire-resistance rating and need not conform to Sentence (1),provided they are

(a) separated from each other by a horizontal distance of not less than 600 mm,

(b) separated from each other and the remainder of the wall space by an enclosure conforming to Subclause (3)(a)(i), or

(c) located in an insulated wall space in accordance with Subclause (3)(a)(ii).

(5) Combustible outlet boxes conforming to Sentence (3) are permitted to be located on opposite sides of a vertical fire separation having afire-resistance rating and need not conform to Sentence (1).

(6) Service equipment is permitted to penetrate a horizontal fire separation conforming to Sentence 9.10.9.12.(2), provided the penetration is sealed by

(a) afirestop that, when subjected to the fire test method in CAN/ULC-S115, “Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems,” has an FT rating not less than the required fire-resistance rating for the fire separation,

(b) afirestop conforming to Clause 9.10.9.6.(1)(a), where the service equipment is located entirely within the cavity of a wall assembly above and below the horizontal fire separation having a required fire-resistance rating, or

(c) afirestop conforming to Clause 9.10.9.6.(1)(a), where the penetration is

(i) contained within the concealed space of a floor or ceiling assembly having afire-resistance rating,

(ii) located above a ceiling membrane providing a horizontal fire separation, or

(iii) contained within a horizontal service space conforming to Sentence 9.10.9.12.(2) that is directly above or below a floor or ceiling.

(1) Combustible totally enclosed raceways that are embedded in a concrete floor slab are permitted in an assembly required to have afire-resistance rating, provided the concrete cover between the raceway and the bottom of the slab is not less than 50 mm.

(2) Totally enclosed raceways are permitted to penetrate afire separation, provided they are sealed at the penetration by afirestop conforming to Clause 9.10.9.6.(1)(a).

(3) Sprinkler piping is permitted to penetrate afire separation, provided the fire compartments on each side of the fire separation are sprinklered.

(4) Sprinklers are permitted to penetrate afire separation or a membrane forming part ofan assembly required to have a fire-resistance rating without having to meet the firestop requirements of Article 9.10.9.6. and Clause 9.10.9.8.(6)(a), provided the annular space created by the penetration of a fire sprinkler is covered by a metal escutcheon plate in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.”

(5) Fire dampers are permitted to penetrate afire separation or a membrane forming part ofan assembly required to have afire-resistance rating without having to meet the firestop requirements of Sentence 9.10.9.6.(1), provided the fire damper is

(a) installed in conformance with NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives,”

(b) specifically designed with afirestop, or

(c) provided in conformance with Sentence 9.10.5.1.(3). (See also Note A-3.1.9.2.(1).)

(1) Combustible construction that abuts on or is supported by a noncombustible fire separ ation shall be constructed so that its collapse under fire conditions will not cause collapse of the fire separation.

(1) Where pockets for the support of beams or joists are formed in a masonry or concrete fire separation, the remaining total thickness of solid masonry and/or grout and/or concrete shall be not less than the required equivalent thickness shown for Type S monolithic concrete in Table 2.1.1. of MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2, “Fire Performance Ratings,” for the required fire-resistance rating.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a h orizontal service space or other concealed space located above a required vertical fire separation shall be divided at the fire separation by an equivalent fire separation within the space.

(2) Where a horizontal service space or other concealed space is located above a required vertical fire separation other than a vertical shaft, such space need not be divided as required in Sentence (1) provided the construction between such space and the space below is constructed as a fire separation having afire-resistance rating not less than that required for the vertical fire separation, except that where the vertical fire separation is not required to have afire-resistance rating greater than 45 min, the fire-r esistance rating of the ceiling is permitted to be reduced to 30 min.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (4), residential occupancies shall be separated from all other major occupancies by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), a major occupan cy classified as a residential occupancy, including live/work units, shall be separated from other major occupancies classified as mercantile or medium haza rd industrial occupancies by afire separation having afire-resistan ce rating of not less than 2 h.

(3) Where not more than two dwelling units or live/work uni ts are located in a building containing a mercantile occupancy, such mer cantile occupancy shall be separated from the dwelling units or live/work units by afire separation having not less than 1 h fire-resistance rating.

(4) The requirement for fire separations between major occupancies in Sentence (1) is waived for the occupancies allowed within live/work units.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), not more than one suite of residenti al occupancy shall be contained within a building classified as a Group F, Division 2 major occupancy.

(2) Except where a Group F Division 2 major occupancy is directly related to live/work units, not more than one suite of residential occupancy shall be contained within a building classified as Group F, Division 2 major occupancy.

(1) Except as required in Article 9.10.9.16. and as permitted by Sentence (2), each suite in other than business and personal services occupancies shall be separated from adjoining suites by afire separation having afire-resistance rati ng of not less than 45 min.

(2) In sprinklered buildings, suites of business and personal services occupancy and mercantile occupancy that are served by public corridors conforming with Clause 3.3.1.4.(4)(b) are not required to be separated from each other by fire separations.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and Article 9.10.21.2., suites in residential occupancies shall be separated from adjacent rooms and suites by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min.

(2) Sleeping rooms in boarding, lodging or rooming houses where sleeping accommodation is provided for not more than 8 boarders or lodgers need not be separated from the remainder of the floor area as required in Sentence (1) where the sleeping rooms form part of the proprietor's residence and do not contain cooking facilities.

(3) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), dwelling units that contain 2 or more storeys including basements shall be separated from the remainder of the building by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h. (See Note A-3.3.4.4.(1))

(4) Walls and floor-ceiling framing in a house with a secondary suite that separate dwelling units from each other or dwelling units from ancillary spaces and common spaces need not comply with Sentence (1), where the walls and floor- ceiling framing are protected by a continuous smoke-tight barrier of not less than 15.9 mm thick Type X gypsum board installed on

(a) both sides of walls, and

(b) the underside of floor-ceiling framing.

(5) The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation required in Sentence (4) is permitted to be waived where the house with a secondary suite is sprinklere d.

(1) Except as otherwise required by this Part and as provided in Sentences (2) to(5),public corridors shall be separated from the remainder of the building by afire separation having not less than a 45 min fire-resi stance rating.

(2) In other than residential occupancies, no fire-resistance rati ng is required for fire separations between a public corridor and the remainder of the bu ilding if

(a) the floor area is sprinklered,

(b) the sprinkler system is electrically supervised in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.9.(3), and

(c) the operation of the sprinkler system will cause a signal to be transmitted to the fire department in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.7.(4).

(3) In other than residential occupancies, no fir e separation is required between a public corridor and the remainder of the building if

(a) the floor area is sprinklered,

(b) the sprinkler system is electrically supervised in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.9.(3),

(c) the operation of the sprinkler system will cause a signal to be transmitted to the fire department in conformance with Sentence 3.2.4.7.(4), and

(d) the corridor exceeds 5 m in width.

(4) Where a public corridor is located in a house with a secondary suite, a continuous smoke-tight barrier of not less than 15.9 mm thick Type X gypsum board shall be installed on

(a) both sides of walls separating the corridor from the remainder of the building, and

(b) the underside of floor-ceiling framing separating the corridor from the remainder of the build ing.

(5) No fire separation is required in a sprinklered floor area between a public corri dor and a space containing plumbing fixtures required by Article 3.7.4.2. and Section 9.31., provided

(a) the space and the public corridor are separated from the remainder of the storey by afire separation having afire- resistance rating not less than that required between the public corridor and the remainder of the storey, and

(b) the plumbing fixtures are not located within a dwelling unit or suite.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), a storage garage shall be separated from other occupancies by afire separation having not less than a 1.5 h fire-resistance rating.

(2) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), storage garage s containing 5 motor vehicles or fewer shall be separated from other occupancies by afire separation of not less than 1 h.

(3) Where a storage garage serves only the dwelling unit to which it is attached or in which it is built, it shall be considered as part of that dwelling unit and the fire separation required in Sentence (2) need not be provided between the garage and the dwelling unit.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), where a storage garage is attached to or built into a building of residential occupancy

(a) an air barrier system conforming to Subsection 9.25.3. shall be installed between the garage and the remainder of the building to provide an effective barrier to gas and exhaust fumes, and

(b) every door between the garage and the remainder of the building shall conform to Article 9.10.13.15. (See Note A-9.10.9.18.(4))

(5) Where membrane materials are used to provide the required airtightness in the air barrier syst em, all joints shall be sealed and structurally supported.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), a repair garage shall be separated from other occupancies by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.

(2) Ancillary spaces directly serving a repair garage, including waiting rooms, reception rooms, tool and parts storage areas and supervisory office space, need not be separated from the repair garage but shall be separated from other occupancies as required in Sentence (1).

(3) The fire separation referred to in Sentence (1) shall have afire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h, where

(a) the building is not more than one storey in building height,

(b) the building is operated as a single suite, and

(c) the only occupancy other than the repair garage is a mercantile occup ancy.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), where a building containing a repair garage also contains a dwelling unit, an air barrier system conforming to Subsection 9.25.3. shall be installed between the dwel ling unit and the suite containing the garage to provide an effective barrier to gas and exhaust fumes. (See Note A-9.10.9.18.(4))

(5) Where membrane materials are used to provide the required airtightness in the air barrier syst em, all joints shall be sealed and structurally supported.

(1) Where a vertical service space contains an exhaust duct that serves more than one fire compartment, the duct shall have a fan located at or near the exhaust outlet to ensure that the duct is under negative pressure.

(2) Individual fire compartments referred to in Sentence (1) shall not have fans that exhaust directly into the duct in the vertical service space.

(1) Except as permitted by Sentence 9.10.18.7.(1), a central vacuum system shall serve not more than one suite.

(1) This Subsection applies to service rooms in all buildings except rooms located within a dwelling unit.

(1) The fire-resistance rating requirements in this Subsection do not apply to the floor assembly immediately below a service room.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Articles 9.10.10.5. and 9.10.10.6., service rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h when the floor area containing the service room is not sprink lered.

(2) Where a room contains a limited quantity of service equipment and the service equipment does not constitute a fire hazard, the requirements in Sentence (1) shall not apply.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and Article 9.10.10.5., fuel-fired appliances shall be located in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by af ire separation having not less than a 1 h fire-resistance rating.

(2) Except as required in the appliance installation standards referenced in Sentences 6.2.1.5.(1) and 9.33.5.3.(1), fuel- fired space-heating appliances, space-cooling appliances and service water heaters need not be separated from the remainder of the building as required in Sentence (1), (a) where the appliances serve

(i) not more than one room or suite, or

(ii) a building with a building area of not more than 400 m2 and a building height of not more than 2 storeys, or

(b) where the appliances

(i) serve a house with a secondary suite including their common spaces, and

(ii) are located in a service room where both sides of any wall assemblies and the underside of any floor-ceiling framing separating this room from both dwelling units or their common spaces are protected by a continuous smoke-tight barrier consisting of not less than 15.9 mm thick Type X gypsum board.

(3) Sentence (1) does not apply to fireplaces and cooking appliances.

(1) Service rooms containing incinerators shall be separated from the remainder of the building by afire separation having afire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.

(2) The design, construction, installation and alteration of each indoor incinerator shall conform to NFPA 82, “ Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment.”

(3) Every incinerator shall be connected to a chimney flue conforming to the requirements in Section 9.21. and serving no other appliance.

(4) An incinerator shall not be located in a room with other fuel-fired appliances.

(1) Rooms for the temporary storage of combustible refuse and materials for recycling in all occupancies or for public storage in residential occupancies shall be separated from the remainder of the building by afire separation having not less than a 1 h fire-resistance rating, except that afire separation with afire-resistance ra ting of not less than 45 min is permitted where

(a) the fire-resist ance rating of the floor assembly is not required to exceed 45 min, or

(b) the room is sprinklered.

(1) Where a generator intended to supply emergency power for lighting, fire safety and life safety systems is located in a building, it shall be located in a room that,

(a) is separated from the remainder of the building by afire separation with afire- resistance rating not less than

(i) 1 h, if the floor assembly is not required to have afire-resistance rating of more than 1 h, and

(ii) 2 h, if the floor assembly is required to have afire-resistance rating of more than 1 h, and

(b) contains only the generating set and equipment that is related to the emergency power supply system.

(1) Except as provided in Articles 9.10.11.2., a party wall on a property line shall be constructed as a firewall.

(1) A party wall on a property line of a building of residential occu pancy need not be constructed as a firewall, provided it is constructed as a fire separation having not less than a 1 h fire-resistance rating, where the party wall separates

(a) two dwelling units where there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit,

(b) a dwelling unit and a house with a secondary s uite including their common spaces, or

(c) two houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces.

(2) Reserved.

(3) The wall described in Sentence (1) shall provide continuous protection from the top of the footings to the underside of the roof deck.

(4) Any space between the top of the wall described in Sentence (1) and the roof deck shall be tightly filled with mineral wool or noncombustible material.

(1) Where firewalls are used, the requirements in Part 3 shall apply.

(1) Where a garage is detached from the dwelling unit it serves but attached to another garage on the adjacent property, the party wall so formed shall be constructed as a fire separation having afire-resistance rati ng of not less than 45 min.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and in Articles 9.10.1.3. and 9.10.9.5., the portions ofa floor area or mezzanine that do not terminate at an exterior wall, a firewall or a vertical shaft, shall terminate at a vertical fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than that required for the floor assembly that terminates at the separation.

(2) A mezzanine need not terminate at a vertical fire separation where the mezzanine is not required to be considered as a storey in Articles 9.10.4.1. and 9.10.4.2.

(1) Where a wall in a building is exposed to a fire hazard from an adjoining roof of a separate fire comp artment that is not sprinklered in the same building, the roof shall contain no skylights within a horizontal distance of 5 m of the windows in the exposed wall.

(1) Except as provided in Article 9.9.4.5., where exterior walls of a building meet at an external angle of 135° or less, the horizontal distance from an unprotected opening in one exterior wall to an unpr otected opening in the other exterior wall shall be not less than 1.2 m, where these openings are

(a) in different fire compartments, or

(b) in different dwelling units, ancillary spaces or common spaces in a house with a secondary suite.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the exterior wall of each fire compartment referred to in Sentence (1)within the 1.2 m distance shall have afire-resistance rating not less than that required for the interior vertical fire separation between the compartment and the remainder of the building.

(3) Where interior walls between dwelling units, ancillary spaces or common spaces in a house with a secondary suite are not constructed as fire separations, the exterior wall of each dwelling unit, ancillary space or common space referred to in Sentence (1)within the 1.2 m distance shall be finished on the interior with not less than 15.9 mm thick Type X gypsum board.

(1) This Article applies to the portion of any soffit enclosing a projection that is

(a) less than 2.5 m vertically above a window or door, and

(b) less than 1.2 m from either side of the window or door. (See Note A-9.10.12.4.(1))

(2) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), the construction described in Sentence (1)shall have no unprotected openings and shall be protected in accordance with Sentence (3), where the soffit encloses

(a) a common attic or roof space that spans more than 2 suites of residential occupancy and projects beyond the exterior wall of the building,

(b) a floor space where an upper storey projects beyond the exterior wall of a lower storey and

(i) afire separation is required at the floor between the two, or

(ii) the floor separates dwelling units from each other or a dwelling unit from an ancillary space or a common space in a house with a secondary suite, or

(c) a floor space where an upper storey projects beyond the exterior wall of a lower storey, and the projection is continuous across

(i) a vertical fire separation separating two suites, or

(ii) a wall separating dwelling units from each other or a dwelling unit from an ancillary space or a common space in a house with a secondar y suite.

(3) Protection required by Sentence (2) shall be provided by

(a) noncombustible material having a minimum thickness of 0.38 mm and a melting point not below 650°C,

(b) not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum soffit board or gypsum wallboard installed according to CSA A82.31-M, “Gypsum Board Application,”

(c) not less than 11 mm thick plywood,

(d) not less than 12.5 mm thick OSB or waferboard, or

(e) not less than 11 mm thick lumber. (See Note A-9.10.12.4.(3))

(4) In the case ofa soffit described in Sentence (1) that is at the edge of an attic or roof space, and completely separated from the remainder of the attic or roof space by fire blocks, the requirements in Sentence (2) do not apply.

(5) Where all suites spanned by a common attic or roof space or situated above or below the projecting floor are sprinklered, the requirements in Sentence (2) do not apply provided that all rooms, including closets and bathrooms, having openings in the wall beneath the soffit are sprinklered, notwithstanding any exceptions in the sprinkler standards referenced in Article 3.2.5.12.

(1) Except as provided in Article 9.10.13.2., openings in required fire separations shall be protected with a closure conforming to Table 9.10.13.1. and shall be installed in conformance with NFPA 80, “Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives,” unless otherwise specified in this Part. (See also Article 9.10.3.1.)

[TABLE:0] Notes to Table 9.10.13.1.:

(1) See Article 9.10.13.2.

(1) A 45 mm thick solid core wood door is permitted to be used where a minimum fire-protection rating of 20 min is permitted or between a public corridor and a suite provided the door conforms to CAN/ULC-S113, “Standard Specification for Wood Core Doors Meeting the Performance Required by CAN/ULC-S104 for Twenty Minute Fire Rated Closure Assemblies.” (See Note A-9.10.13.2.(1))

(2) Doors described in Sentence (1) shall have not more than a 6 mm clearance beneath and not more than 3 mm at the sides and top.

(1) Doors required to provide a 20 min fire-protection rating or permitted to be 45 mm solid core wood shall be mounted in a wood frame of at least 38 mm thickness where the frame has not been tested and rated.

(1) Doors forming part of an exit or a public means of egress shall conform to Subsection 9.9.6. in addition to this Subsection.

(1) Wired glass conforming to Article 9.6.1.2. that has not been tested in accordance with Article 9.10.3.1. is permitted as a closure in a vertical fire separatio n required to have afire-resistance rating of not more than 1 h provided such glass is not less than 6 mm thick and is mounted in conformance with Sentence (2).

(2) Wired glass described in Sentence (1) shall be mounted in fixed steel frames having a metal thickness of not less than 1.35 mm and a glazing stop of not less than 20 mm on each side of the glass.

(3) Individual panes of glass described in Sentence (1) shall not exceed 0.8 m² in area or 1.4 m in height or width, and the area of glass not structurally supported by mullions shall not exceed 7.5 m².

(1) Steel door frames forming part of a closure in a fire separation, including anchorage requirements, shall conform to CAN/ULC-S105, “Standard Specification for Fire Door Frames Meeting the Performance Required by CAN/ULC-S104.”

(1) Glass block that has not been tested in accordance with Article 9.10.3.1. is permitted as a closure in a fire separation required to have afire-resistance ratin g of not more than 1 h.

(1) The size of an opening in an interior fire separation, even where protected with a closure, shall not exceed 11 m², with no dimension greater than 3.7 m, if a fire compartment on either side of the fire separation is not sprinklered.

(2) The size of an opening in an interior fire separation, even where protected with a closure, shall not exceed 22 m², with no dimension greater than 6 m, when the fire compartments on both sides of the fire separation are sprinklered.

(1) Every swing type door in a fire separation shall be equipped with a latch.

(1) Except as described in Sentence (2), every door in a fire separation shall have a self-closing device.

(2) Self-closing devices are not required between public corridors and suites in business and personal services occupancies, except in dead-end corridors or a corridor that serves a hotel.

(1) Where hold-open devices are used on doors in required fire separations, they shall be installed in accordance with Article 3.1.8.14.

(1) Swing-type doors shall open into service rooms containing fuel-fired equipment where such doors lead to public corridors or rooms used for assembly but shall swing outward from such rooms in all other cases.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) to (5), 9.10.5.1.(3) and9.10.9.9.(5), a duct that penetrates an assembly required to be afire separation with af ire-resistance rating shall be equipped with afire damper in conformance with Articles 3.1.8.4. and 3.1.8.10.

(2) Afire damper is not required where a noncombustible branch duct pierces a required fire separation provided the duct

(a) has a melting point not below 760°C,

(b) has a cross-sectional area less than 130 cm², and

(c) supplies only air-conditioning units or combined air-conditioning and heating units discharging air at not more than 1.2 m above the floor.

(3) Afire damper is not required where a noncombustible branch duct pierces a required fire separation around an exhaust duct riser in which the air flow is upward provided

(a) the melting point of the branch duct is not below 760 °C,

(b) the branch duct is carried up inside the riser at least 500 mm, and

(c) the exhaust duct is under negative pressure as described in Article 9.10.9.20.

(4) Noncombustible ducts that penetrate afire separation separating a vertical service space from the remainder of the building need not be equipped with afire damper at the fire separation provided

(a) the ducts have a melting point above 760 °C, and

(b) each individual duct exhausts directly to the outside at the top of the vertical service space.

(5) A duct serving commercial cooking equipment and piercing a required fire separation need not be equipped with a fire damper at the fire separat ion.

(1) Fire stop flaps in ceiling membranes required in Sentence 9.10.5.1.(3) shall

(a) conform to CAN/ULC-S112.2, “Standard Method of Fire Test of Ceiling Firestop Flap Assemblies,” and

(b) activate at a temperature approximately 30°C above the normal maximum temperature that occurs in the ducts, whether the air duct system is operating or shut down.

(1) A door between an attached or built-in garage and a dwelling unit shall be tight-fitting and weather-stripped to provide an effective barrier against the passage of gases and exhaust fumes and shall be fitted with a self-closing device.

(2) A doorway between an attached or built-in garage and a dwelling unit shall not be located in a room intended for sleeping.

(1) Where a door is installed so that it may damage the integrity of afire separation if its swing is unrestricted, door stops shall be installed to prevent such damage.

(1) This Subsection applies to buildings other than those to which Subsection 9.10.15. applies.

(2) This Subsection does not apply to a house with a secondary suite.

(1) The area of an expos ing building face shall be

(a) taken as the exterior wall area facing in one direction on any side of a building, and

(b) calculated as,

(i) the total area measured from the finished ground level to the uppermost ceiling, or

(ii) the area for each fire compartment, where a building is divided into fire c ompartments by fire separations with fire-resistance ratings not less than 45 min.

(2) For the purpose of using Table 9.10.14.4.-A to determine the maximum aggregate area of unprotected openings permitted in an irregularly-shaped or skewed exterior wall, the location of the exposing building face shall be taken as a vertical plane located so that there are no unprotected openings between the vertical plane and the line to which limiting distance is measured. (See Note A-3.2.3.1.(4))

(3) For the purpose of using Table 9.10.14.5. to determine the required type of construction, cladding and fire-resistance rating for an irregularly-shaped or skewed exterior wall,

(a) the exposing building face is permitted to be divided into any number of portions and the fire-resistance rating, type of cladding and percentage of unprotected openings limitations is permitted to be determined individually for each portion based on the limiting distance for each portion so divided,

(b) the exposing building face shall be taken as the projection of the exterior wall onto a vertical plane located so that no portion of the exterior wall of the building is between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting dista nce is established in Clause (a), and

(c) for the purpose of determining the actual area of unprotected openings permitted in an exterior wall, the unprote cted openings shall be projected onto the vertical plane established in Clause (b).

(4) The required limiting distance for an exposing building face is permitted to be measured to a point beyond the property line that is not the centre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare if

(a) the owners of the properties on which the limiting distance is measured and the municipality enter into an agreement in which such owners agree that,

(i) each owner covenants that, for the benefit of land owned by the other covenantors, the owner will not construct a building on his or her property unless the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the proposed construction is measured in accordance with the agreement,

(ii) the covenants contained in the agreement are intended to run with the lands, and the agreement shall be binding on the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns,

(iii) the agreement shall not be amended or deleted from title without the consent of the municipality, and

(iv) they will comply with such other conditions as the municip ality considers necessary, including indemnification of the municipality by the other parties, and

(b) the agreement referred to in Clause (a) is registered against the title of the properties to which it applies.

(5) Where an agreement referred to in Sentence (4) is registered against the title of a property, the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the construc tion of any buildings on the property shall be measured to the point referred to in the agreement.

(1) Where there is no fire department or where a fire department is not organized, trained and equipped to meet the needs of the community, the required limiting distance determined from Sentences 9.10.14.4.(2), (5) and (6) and Sentence 9.10.14.5.(6), shall be doubled for a building that is not sprinklered.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (6) to (10) and Sentence 9.10.14.6.(1), the maximum aggregate area of unprotected openings in an exposin g building face shall

(a) conform to Table 9.10.14.4.,

(b) conform to Subsection 3.2.3., or

(c) where the limiting distance is not less than 1.2 m, be equal to or less than

(i) the limiting distance squared, for residential occupancies, business and personal services occupancies and low-hazard industrial occupancies, and

(ii) half the limiting distance squared, for mercantile occupancies and medium-hazard industrial occupancies.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence 9.10.14.6.(1), openings in a wall having a limiting distance of less than 1.2 m shall be protected by closures, of other than wired glass or glass block, whose fire protec tion rating is in conformance with the fire-resistance ratin g required for the wall.

(3) Reserved.

(4) Reserved.

(5) Reserved.

(6) The maximum aggregate area of unprotected openings is permitted to be up to twice the area determined according to Sentence (1), where the unprotected openings are glazed with

(a) wired glass in steel frames as described in Article 9.10.13.5., or

(b) glass blocks, as described in Article 9.10.13.7.

(7) Where the building is sprinklered, the maximum aggregate area of unprotected openings is permitted to be up to twice the area determined according to Sentence (1), provided all rooms, including closets and bathrooms, that are adjacent to the exposing bu ilding face and that have unprotected openings are sprinklered, notwithstanding any exemptions in the sprinkler standards referenced in Article 3.2.5.12.

(8) The maximum aggregate area of unprotected openings in an exp osing building face of a storage garage need not comply with Sentence (1), where

(a) all storeys are constructed as open-air storeys, and

(b) the storage garage has a limiting distance of not less than 3 m.

(9) The maximum aggregate area of unprotected openings in an exposing building face of a storey that faces a street and is the same level as the street need not comply with Sentence (1) where the limiting distance is not less than 9 m.

(10) Except as provided in Sentence (11), for garages or accessory building s that serve a single dwelling unit only and are detached from any building, the maximum aggregate area of glazed openings shall comply with the requirements for unprotected opening s.

(11) The limits on the area of glazed openings need not apply to the exposing building face of a detached garage or accessory building facing a dwelling unit, where

(a) the detached garage or accessory building serves only one dwelling unit,

(b) the detached garage or accessory buildin g is located on the same property as that dwelling unit, and

(c) the dwelling unit served by the detached garage or accessory build ing is the only major occupancy on the property.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (4) to (14), each exposing building face and any exterior wall located above an exposing building face that encloses an attic or roof space shall be constructed in conformance with Table 9.10.14.5. and Subsection 9.10.8. (See Note A-9.10.14.5.(1))

(2) Cladding on exposing building faces and exterior walls located above exposing building faces need not conform to the type of cladding required by Table 9.10.14.5. where

(a) the exposing building face is constructed with no unprotected openings,

(b) the limiting distance is not less than 0.6 m, and

(c) the cladding

(i) conforms to Subsection 9.27.12.,

(ii) is installed without furring members over not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum sheathing or over masonry,

(iii) has aflame-spread rating not more than 25 when tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.12.1.(2), and

(iv) is not more than 2 mm in thickness exclusive of fasteners, joints and local reinforcements.

(3) Reserved.

(4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), where a garage or accessory building serves one dwelling unit only and is detached from any building, the expos ing building face

(a) need not conform to the minimum required fire-resistance rating stated in Table 9.10.14.5., where the limiting distance is 0.6 m or more,

(b) shall have afire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min where the limiting distance is less than 0.6 m, and

(c) need not conform to the type of cladding and type of construction required by Table 9.10.14.5., regardless of the limiting distance.

(5) The requirements regarding f ire-resistance rating, type of construction and type of cladding need not apply to the exposing building face of a detached garage or accessory building facing a dwelling unit, where

(a) the detached garage or accessory building serves only one dwelling unit,

(b) the detached garage or accessory buildin g is located on the same property as that dwelling unit, and

(c) the dwelling unit served by the detached garage or accessory buildi ng is the only major occupancy on the property.

(6) Except for buildings containing one or two dwelling units only , combustible projections on the exterior of a wall that are more than 1 m above ground level and that could expose an adjacent building to fire spread shall not be permitted within

(a) 1.2 m of a property line or the centre line of a public way, or

(b) 2.4 m of a combustible projection on another building on the same property.

(7) Reserved.

(8) Reserved.

(9) Reserved.

(10) Reserved.

(11) Reserved.

(12) Where roof soffits project to less than 1.2 m from the property line, the centre line of a public way, or an imaginary line between two building s or fire compartments on the same property, they shall

(a) have no openings, and

(b) be protected by

(i) not less than 0.38 mm thick sheet steel,

(ii) unvented aluminum conforming to CAN/CGSB-93.2-M, “Prefinished Aluminum Siding, Soffits, and Fascia, for Residential Use,”

(iii) not less than 12.7 mm thick gypsum soffit board or gypsum ceiling board installed according to CSA A82.31- M, “Gypsum Board Application,”

(iv) not less than 11 mm thick plywood,

(v) not less than 12.5 mm thick OSB or waferboard, or

(vi) not less than 11 mm thick lumber. (See Note A-3.2.3.6.(2))

(13) Heavy timber and steel columns need not conform to the requirements of Sentence (1) provided the limiting distance is not less than 3 m.

(14) Non-loadbearing wall components need not have a minimum fire-resistance rating, where the building

(a) is 1 storey in building height,

(b) is of noncombustible construction,

(c) is classified as low-hazard industrial occupancy and is used only for low fire load occupancies such as power generating plants or plants for the manufacture or storage of noncombustible materials, and

(d) has a limiting distance of 3 m or more.

(1) An opening in an exposing building face not more than 130 cm2 shall not be considered an unprotected opening.

(1) This Subsection applies to

(a) buildings that contain only dwelling units and have no dwellin g unit above another dwelling unit, and

(b) houses with a secondary suite including their common spaces. (See Note A-9.10.15.1.(1))

(1) The area of an expos ing building face shall be

(a) taken as the exterior wall area facing in one direction on any side of a building, and

(b) calculated as

(i) the total area measured from the finished ground level to the uppermost ceiling,

(ii) the area for each fire compartment, where a building is divided into fire c ompartments by fire separations with fire-resistance ratings not less than 45 min, or

(iii) where Table 9.10.15.4. is used to determine the maximum aggregate area of glazed openings, the area of any number of individual portions ofthe exposing building face. (See Note A-9.10.15.4.(2))

(2) Reserved.

(3) For the purpose of using Table 9.10.15.4. to determine the maximum aggregate area of glazed openings in an irregularly shaped or skewed exterior wall, the location of the exposing building face shall be taken as a vertical plane located so that there are no glazed openings between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured. (See Note A-3.2.3.1.(4))

(4) In determining the required cladding-sheathing assembly and fire-resistance rating for an irregularly shaped or skewed exterior wall, the location of the exposing building face shall be taken as a vertical plane located so that no portion of the actual exposi ng building face is between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured. (See Article 9.10.15.5. and Note A-3.2.3.1.(4).)

(5) The required limiting distance for an exposing building face is permitted to be measured to a point beyond the property line that is not the centre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare if,

(a) the owners of the properties on which the limiting distance is measured and the mun icipality enter into an agreement in which such owners agree that,

(i) each owner covenants that, for the benefit of land owned by the other covenantors, the owner will not construct a building on his or her property unless the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the proposed construction is measured in accordance with the agreement,

(ii) the covenants contained in the agreement are intended to run with the lands, and the agreement shall be binding on the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns,

(iii) the agreement shall not be amended or deleted from title without the consent of the municipality, and

(iv) they will comply with such other conditions as the municip ality considers necessary, including indemnification of the municipality by the other parties, and

(b) the agreement referred to in Clause (a) is registered against the title of the properties to which it applies.

(6) Where an agreement referred to in Sentence (5) is registered against the title of a property, the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the constr uction of any buildings on the property shall be measured to the point referred to in the agreement.

(1) Where there is no fire department or where a fire department is not organized, trained and equipped to meet the needs of the community, the required limiting distance determined from Sentences 9.10.15.4.(2) and (5) and Sentence

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (6) to (9), the maximum area of glazed openings in an exposing build ing face shall

(a) conform to Table 9.10.15.4.,

(b) conform to Subsection 3.2.3. as if the glazed openings were unprotected openings, or

(c) where the limiting distance is not less than 1.2 m, be equal to or less than the limiting distance squared.

(2) Where the limits on the area of glazed openings are determined for individual portions ofthe exposing building face, as described in Subclause 9.10.15.2.(1)(b)(iii), the maximum aggregate area of glazed openings for any portion shall be determined using the values in Table 9.10.15.4. corresponding to

(a) the maximum total area of exposing building face, which is equal to the sum ofall portions ofthe exposing building face, and

(b) the limiting distance of each portion. (See Note A-9.10.15.4.(2))

(3) Reserved.

(4) Reserved.

(5) Reserved

(6) The limits on the area of glazed openings shall not apply to the exposing building face of a dwelling unit facing a detached garage or accessory building, where

(a) the detached garage or accessory building serves only one dwelling unit,

(b) the detached garage or accessory buildin g is located on the same property as that dwelling unit, and

(c) the dwelling unit served by the detached garage or accessory build ing is the only major occupancy on the property.

(7) The maximum aggregate area of glazed openings in an exposing building face is permitted to be up to twice the area determined in accordance with Sentence (1), where

(a) the glazed openings consist of glass blocks, as described in Article 9.10.13.7., or

(b) the building is sprinklered, provided all rooms, including closets, bathrooms and attached garages, that are adjacent to the exposing building f ace and that have glazed openings are sprinklered, notwithstanding any exemptions in the sprinkler standards referenced in Article 3.2.5.12.

(8) Except as provided in Sentence (9), openings in a wall having a limiting distance of less than 1.2 m shall be protected by closures, of other than wired glass or glass block, whose fire-protection rating is in conformance with the fire-resistance ratin g required for the wall.

(9) An opening in an exposing building face not more than 130 cm2 need not be protected by a closure.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (1.1), (2), (4) and (6), each exposing building face and any exterior wall located above an exposing building face that encloses an attic or roof space shall be constructed in conformance with Subsection 9.10.8.,

(a) for the exposing building face as a whole, or

(b) for any number of separate portions ofthe exposing building face.

(1.1) Sentence (1) does not apply where

(a) the limiting distance is not less than 1.2 m,

(b) the limiting distance is less than 1.2 m but not less than 0.6 m, provided that the exposing building face has afire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min, or

(c) the limiting distance is less than 0.6 m, provided that the e xposing building face has afire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min and is clad with noncombust ible material.

(2) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), where the limiting distance is less than 0.6 m, the exposing buildi ng face and exterior walls located above the exposing building face that enclose an attic or roof space shall have afire- resistance rating of not less than 45 min, and

(a) the cladding shall be metal or noncom bustible cladding installed in accordance with Section 9.20., 9.27. or 9.28., (See Note A-9.10.14.5.(1)),

(b) the cladding shall

(i) conform to Subsection 9.27.12.,

(ii) be installed without furring members over gypsum sheathing at least 12.7 mm thick or over masonry,

(iii) has aflame-spread rating not more than 25 when tested in accordance with Sentence 3.1.12.1.(2), and

(iv) not exceed 2 mm in thickness exclusive of fasteners, joints and local reinforcements, or

(c) the wall assembly shall comply with Clause 3.1.5.5.(1)(b) when tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S134, “Standard Method of Fire Test of Exterior Wall Assemblies.力

(3) Reserved.

(4) The requirements for fire-resistance rating and type of cladding-sheathing assembly shall not apply to the exposing building face or projections from an exposing building face of a dwelling unit facing a detached garage or accessory building, or a garage or accessory building facing a dwelling unit, where

(a) the detached garage or accessory building serves only one dwelling unit,

(b) the detached garage or accessory building is located on the same property as that dwelling unit, and

(c) the dwelling unit served by the detached garage or accessory building is the only major occupancy on the property.

(5) Exceptfor buildings containing 1 or 2 dwellingunits only,combustible projections on the exterior of a wall that are more than 1 m above ground level and that could expose an adjacent building to fire spread shall not be permitted within

(a) 1.2 m of a property line or the centre line of a public way, or

(b) 2.4 m of a combustible projection on another building on the same property.

(6) Reserved.

(7) Reserved.

(8) Reserved.

(9) Reserved.

(10) Reserved.

(11) Reserved.

(12) Reserved.

(13) Heavy timber and steel columns need not conform to the requirements of Sentence (1) provided the limiting di stance is not less than 3 m.

(1) Concealed spaces in interior walls, ceilings, floors and crawl spaces shall be separated by fire b locks from concealed spaces in exterior walls and attic or roof spaces.

(2) Reserved.

(3) Fire blocks shall be provided at all interconnections between concealed vertical and horizontal spaces in interior coved ceilings, drop ceilings and soffits where the exposed construction materials within the concealed spaces have a surface flame-spread rating greater than 25.

(4) Fire blocks shall be provided at the top and bottom of each run of stairs where they pass through a floor containing concealed space in which the exposed construction materials within the space have a surface flame-spread rating greater than 25.

(5) Where not sprinklered, concealed spaces of combus tible construction created by a ceiling, roof space or unoccupied attic space shall be separated by fire blocks into compartments

(a) not more than 60 m in greatest dimension, and

(b) where such space contains exposed construction materials having a surface flame-spread rating greater than 25, not more than 300 m2 in area.

(6) No dimension of the compartment described in Clause (5)(b) shall exceed 20 m.

(7) Concealed spaces in mansard or gambrel style roofs, exterior cornices, balconies and canopies of combustible construction in which the exposed construction materials within the space have a surface flame-s pread rating exceeding 25 shall have vertical fire blocks at intervals of not more than 20 m and at points where such concealed spaces extend across the ends of required vertical fire separations.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), fire blocks shall be provided to block off concealed spaces within wall assemblies, including spaces created by furring,

(a) at each floor level,

(b) at each ceiling level where the ceiling contributes to part of the required fire-resistance rating, and

(c) at other locations within the wall, so that the distance between fire blocks does not exceed 20 m horizontally and 3 m vertically.

(2) Fire blocks described in Sentence (1)are not required, provided

(a) the insulated wall assembly contains not more than one concealed air space whose horizontal thickness is not more than 25 mm,

(b) the exposed construction materials within the space are noncombustible, or

(c) the exposed construction materials within the space, including insulation, but not including wiring, piping or similar services, have aflame-spread ra ting of not more than 25, or

(d) the concealed wall space is filled with insulation.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), f ire blocks shall be constructed of materials that will remain in place and prevent the passage of flames for not less than 15 min when subjected to the standard fire exposure in CAN/ULC- S101,“Standard Method of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials.力

(2) Fire blocks are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they are constructed of not less than,

(a) 0.38 mm sheet steel,

(b) 12.7 mm gypsum board,

(c) 12.5 mm plywood, OSB or waferboard, with joints having continuous supports,

(d) two layers of lumber, each not less than 19 mm thick, with joints staggered, or

(e) 38 mm lumber.

(3) In a building permitted to be of combustible construction, semi-rigid fibre insulation board produced from glass, rock or slag, is permitted to be used to block the vertical space in a double-frame wall assembly formed at the intersection of the floor assembly and the walls, provided the width of the vertical space does not exceed 25 mm and the insulation board

(a) has a density not less than 45 kg/m3,

(b) is securely fastened to one set of studs,

(c) extends from below the bottom of the top plates in the lower storey to above the top of the bottom plate in the upper storey, and

(d) completely fills the portion of the vertical space between the headers and between the wall plates. (See Note A-3.1.11.7.(8))

(1) Where fire blocks are pierced by pipes, ducts or other elements, the effectiveness of the fire blocks shall be maintained around such elements.

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Subsection, the exposed surface of every interior wall and ceiling, including skylights and glazing, shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 150.

(2) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), doors need not conform to Sentence (1) provided they have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 200.

(3) Doors within dwelling units, other than garage doors, need not conform to Sentences (1) and (2).

(1) At least 90% of the exposed surface of every ceiling in an exit or ceiling that is not spri nklered in a public corridor shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 25.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), at least 90% of the exposed surfaces of every wall in an exit shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 25.

(2) At least 75% of the wall surface of a lobby used as an exit in Article 9.9.8.5. shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 25.

(1) Where an exterior exit passageway provides the only means of egress from the rooms or suites it serves, the wall and ceiling finishes of that passageway, including the soffit beneath and the guard on the passageway, shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 25, except that up to 10% of the total wall area and 10% of the total ceiling area is permitted to have a surface flame- spread rating of not more than 150.

(1) At least 90% of the total wall surface in any public corridor that is not sprinklered shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 75, or at least 90% of the upper half of such walls shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 25. (See Article 9.10.17.6.)

(1) Skylights, glazing, combustible doors, and combustible light diffusers and lenses shall not be considered in the calculation of wall and ceiling areas in this Subsection.

(1) Where a public corridor or a corridor used by the public contains an occupancy, the interior finish materials used on the walls or ceiling of such occupancy shall have a surface flame-spread rating in conformance with that required for public corridors.

(1) Light diffusers and lenses having flame-spread ratings that exceed those permitted for the ceiling finish, shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 3.1.13.4.(1).

(1) Individual combustible skylights in corridors required to be separated from the remainder of the building by fire separations shall not exceed 1 m² in area and shall be spaced not less than 1.2 m apart.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), foamed plastics that form part of a wall or ceiling assembly shall be protected from adjacent space in the building, other than adjacent concealed spaces within attic or roof spaces, crawl spaces, wall assemblies and ceiling assemblies

(a) by one of the interior finishes described in Subsections 9.29.4. to 9.29.9.,

(b) provided the building does not contain a Group C major occupancy, by sheet metal that

(i) is mechanically fastened to the supporting assembly independent of the insulation,

(ii) is not less than 0.38 mm thick, and

(iii) has a melting point not less than 650 °C, or

(c) any thermal barrier that meets the requirements of Sentence 3.1.5.15.(2). (See Note A-3.1.4.2.(1)(c))

(2) A walk-in cooler or freezer consisting of factory-assembled wall, floor or ceiling panels containing foamed plastics is permitted to be used, provided the panels

(a) are protected on both sides by sheet metal not less than 0.38 mm thick having a melting point not less than 650°C, (b) do not contain an air space, and

(c) have aflame-spread rating, determined by subjecting a sample panel with an assembled joint typical of field installation to the applicable test described in Subsection 3.1.12., that is not more than that permitted for the room or space in which they are located or that they bound.

(3) Thermosetting foamed plastic insulation having aflam e-spread rating of not more than 200 is permitted to be used in factory-assembled doors in storage garages serving buildings of residential occupancy provided that

(a) the insulation is covered on the interior with a metallic foil,

(b) the assembly has a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 200, and

(c) the assembly incorporates no air spaces.

(1) The interior finish of walls and ceilings in bathrooms within suites of residential occupancy shall have a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 200.

(1) Where a covering or a lining is used with a duct, such lining or covering shall have aflame-spre ad rating conforming to Article 3.6.5.4. or 9.33.6.4.

(1) Where access is provided through a firewall, the requirements in this Subsection shall apply to the floor areas on both sides of the firewall as if they were in the same b uilding.

(1) Reserved.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (5), a fire alarm system shall be installed

(a) in every building that contains more than 3 storeys, including storeys below the first storey,

(b) where the total occupant load exceeds 300, or

(c) when the occupant load for any major occupancy in Table 9.10.18.2. is exceeded.

(3) Reserved.

(4) Reserved.

(5) A fire alarm system is not required in a residential occupancy where an exi t or public corridor serves not more than 4 suites or where each suite has direct access to an exterior exit facility leading to ground level.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), and as required by this Subsection, where fire alarm, fire detection and smoke detection devices and systems are installed, these devices and systems and their installation shall conform to Subsection 3.2.4., 3.2.7.8. and 3.2.7.10. (See Note A-9.10.18.3.(1)

(2) The following Articles in Subsection 3.2.4. regarding fire alarm systems do not apply to Part 9 buildings: Articles 3.2.4.1., 3.2.4.10., 3.2.4.11., 3.2.4.12., 3.2.4.13., 3.2.4.20. and 3.2.4.22.

(1) Where a fire alarm system is required, every public corridor in buildings of residential occu pancy and every exit stair shaft shall be provided with smoke detectors.

(2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), ifa fire alarm system is required in a building that is not sprinklered,fire detectors shall be installed in the following spaces:

(a) storage rooms not within dwelling units,

(b) service rooms not within dwelling u nits,

(c) janitors’ rooms,

(d) rooms in which hazardous substances are to be used or stored, (See Note A-3.3.1.2.(1))

(e) elevator hoistways, chutes and dumbwaiter shafts, and

(f) laundry rooms in buildings of residential occupancy, except those within dwelling units.

(3) Except as required in Sentence (4), heat detectors and smoke detectors described in Sentence (2), are not required in dwelling units or in sprinklered buildings in which the sprinkler system is electrically supervised and equipped with a water flow alarm.

(4) Where a fire alarm system is required in a hotel, heat detectors shall be installed in every room in a suite and in every room not located in a suite in a floor area containing a hotel, other than washrooms within a suite, saunas, refrigerated areas and swimming pools.

(1) Except for a recirculating air system serving not more than one dwelling unit, where a fire alarm system is required to be installed, every recirculating air handling system shall be designed to prevent the circulation of smoke upon a signal from a duct-type smoke detector where such system supplies more than one suite on the same floor or serves more than 1 storey.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a vertical fire separation having afire-resistance rating of at least 1 h separates a portion of a building from the remainder of the building and there are no openings through the fire separation other than those for piping, tubing, wiring and conduit, the requirements for fire alarm and detection systems may be applied to each portion so separated as if it were a separate building.

(2) The permission in Sentence (1) to consider separated portions of a building as separate buildings does not apply to service rooms and storage rooms.

(1) Central vacuum cleaning systems serving more than one suite or storey in a building equipped with a fire alarm system shall be designed to shut down upon activation of the fire alarm system.

(1) A fire alarm system is not required in a storage garage conforming to Article 3.2.2.92. provided there are no other occupancies in the build ing.

(1) If a fire alarm system is required in a building containing a hotel, a single stage fire alarm system shall be provided.

(1) Where fire protection and life safety systems, and systems with fire protection and life safety functions, are integrated with each other, the systems shall be tested as a whole in accordance with CAN/ULC-S1001, “Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems,” to verify that the systems have been properly integrated.

(2) Sentence (1) does not apply to a building that contains only dwelling units and has no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit.

(1) Except as permitted by Article 9.10.19.8., smoke alarms conforming to CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms,” shall be installed in

(a) each dwelling unit,

(b) each sleeping room not within a dwelling unit, and

(c) ancillary spaces and common spaces not in dwelling u nits in a house with a secondary suite.

(2) Smoke alarms required in Sentence (1) shall have a visual signalling component conforming to the requirements in 18.5.3. (Light, Color and Pulse Characteristics) of NFPA 72, “National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.”

(3) The visual signalling component required in Sentence (2) need not

(a) be integrated with the smoke alarm provided it is interconnected to it,

(b) be on battery backup, or

(c) have synchronized flash rates, when installed in a house with a secondary suite or an individual dwelling unit.

(4) The luminous intensity for visual signalling components required in Sentence (2) that are installed in sleeping rooms shall be a minimum of 175 cd.

(1) The sound patterns of smoke alarms shall

(a) meet the temporal patterns of alarm signals, or (See Note A-3.2.4.18.(2))

(b) be a combination of temporal pattern and voice relay.

(1) Except as permitted in Article 9.10.19.8., within dwelling units, sufficient smoke alarms shall be installed so that (a) there is at least one smoke alar m installed on each storey, including basements, and

(b) on any storey of a dwelling unit containing sleeping rooms, a smoke alarm is installed

(i) in each sleeping room, and

(ii) in a location between the sleeping rooms and the remainder of the storey, and if the sleeping rooms are served by a hallway, the smoke alarm shall be located in the hallway. (See Note A-9.10.19.3.(1))

(1.1) Except as permitted in Article 9.10.19.8., within a house with a secondary suite that contains an interior shared means of egress or common area, a smoke alarm shall be installed in each shared means of egress and common area.

(2) A smoke alarm required in Sentences (1) and (1.1) shall be installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for Installation of Smoke Alarms.”

(3) Smoke alarms required in Article 9.10.19.1. and Sentences (1) and (1.1) shall be installed on or near the ceiling.

(4) A smoke alarm required in Sentences (1) and (1.1) shall have a visual signalling component conforming to the requirements in 18.5.3. (Light, Color and Pulse Characteristics) of NFPA 72, “National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.”

(5) The visual signalling component required in Sentence (4) need not

(a) be integrated with the smoke alarm provided it is interconnected to it,

(b) be on battery backup, or

(c) have synchronized flash rates, when installed in a house with a secondary suite or an individual dwelling unit.

(6) The luminous intensity for visual signalling components required in Sentence (4) that are installed in sleeping rooms shall be a minimum of 175 cd.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), smoke alarms described in Sentence 9.10.19.1.(1) and 9.10.19.3.(1.1) shall

(a) be installed with permanent connections to an electrical circuit, (See Note A-3.2.4.20.(9)(a))

(b) have no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarm, and

(c) in case the regular power supply to the smoke alar m is interrupted, be provided with a battery as an alternative power source that can continue to provide power to the smoke alarm for a period of not less than 7 days in the normal condition, followed by 4 minutes of alarm.

(2) Where the building is not supplied with electrical power, smoke alarms are permitted to be battery-operated.

(3) Suites of residential occupancy are permitted to be equipped with smoke detectors in lieu of smoke alarms, provided the smoke detectors

(a) are capable of independently sounding audible signals with a sound pressure level between 75 dBA and 110 dBA within the individual suites,(See also Note A-3.2.4.18.(4))

(b) except as permitted in Sentence (4), are installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems,” and

(c) form part of the fire alarm system. (See Note A-3.2.4.20.(10))

(4) Smoke detectors permitted to be installed in lieu of smo ke alarms as stated in Sentence (3) are permitted to sound localized alarms within individual suites, and need not sound an alarm throughout the rest ofthe building.

(1) Where more than one smoke alarm is required in a dwelling unit, the smoke alarms shall be wired so that the activation of one alarm will cause all alarms within the dwelling u nit to sound.

(2) Smoke alarms in a house with a secondary suite shall be wirelessly interconnected or interconnected by hard-wiring so that the activation of any one smoke alarm causes all smoke alarms within the house with a seconda ry suite to sound. (See Note A-9.10.19.5.(2))

(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), a manually operated device shall be incorporated within the circuitry of a smoke alarm installed in a dwelling unit so that the signal emitted by the sm oke alarm can be silenced for a period of not more than 10 min, after which the smoke alarm will reset and sound again if the level of smoke in the vicinity is sufficient to re- actuate it.

(2) Suites of residential occupancy equipped with smoke detectors installed to CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for Installation of Fire Alarm Systems,” which are part of the fire alarm system in lieu of smoke alarms as permitted in Sentence 9.10.19.4.(3), need not incorporate the manually operated device required in Sentence (1).

(1) Where instructions are necessary to describe the maintenance and care required for smoke alarms to ensure continuing satisfactory performance, they shall be posted in a location where they will be readily available to the occupants for reference.

(1) Except where a fire alarm system is installed or required in a building, smoke detectors forming part of a residential fire warning system installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S540 “Standard for Residential Fire and Life Safety Warning Systems: Installation, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance,” are permitted to be installed in lieu of all smoke alarms required by Articles 9.10.19.1. and 9.10.19.3., provided that the fire warning system

(a) is capable of sounding audible signals in accordance with Articles 9.10.19.2. and 9.10.19.5.,

(b) is powered in accordance with Article 9.10.19.4., and

(c) is equipped with a silencing device conforming to Article 9.10.19.6.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), a window or access panel providing an opening not less than 1 100 mm high and 550 mm wide and having a sill height of not more than 900 mm above the floor shall be provided on the second and third storeys of every building in at least one wall facing on a street if such storeys are not spri nklered.

(2) Access panels required in Sentence (1) shall be readily openable from both inside and outside or be glazed with plain glass.

(3) Access panels required in Sentence (1) need not be provided in

(a) buildings containing only dwelling units where there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit, or b) houses with a secondary suite.

(1) Except in basements in houses with a secondary suite or basements serving not more than one dwelling unit, each basement that is not sprinklered that exceeds 25 m in length or width shall be provided with direct access to the outdoors to at least one street.

(2) Access required in Sentence (1) may be provided by a door, window or other means that provides an opening not less than 1 100 mm high and 550 mm wide, the sill height of which shall not be more than 900 mm above the floor.

(3) Access required in Sentence (1) may also be provided by an interior stair accessible from the outdoors.

(1) Access for fire department equipment shall be provided to each building by means ofa street, private roadway or yard. (See Notes A-9.10.20.3.(1) and A-3.2.5.6.(1))

(2) Where access to a building as required in Sentence (1) is provided by means ofa roadway or yard, the design and location of such roadway or yard shall take into account connection with public thoroughfares, weight of firefighting equipment, width of roadway, radius of curves, overhead clearance, location of fire hydrants, location of fire department connections and vehicular parking.

(1) Portable extinguishers shall be installed in all buildings, except within dwelling units, in conformance with the provisions of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.

(1) Equipment forming part ofa fire protection system that may be adversely affected by freezing temperatures and that is located in an unheated area shall be protected from freezing.

(1) Except as provided in Articles 9.10.21.2. to 9.10.21.9., camps for housing of workers in construction camps shall conform to Subsections 9.10.1. to 9.10.20.

(1) Except for sleeping rooms within dwelling units, sleeping rooms in a building in a camp for housing of workers shall be separated from each other and from the remainder of the building by afire separation having not less than a 30 min fire-resistance rating.

(1) Except in a dwelling unit, a floor assembly in a building in a camp for housing of workers separating the first storey and the second storey shall be constructed as a fire separation having not less than a 30 min fire-resistance rating.

(1) Walkways of combustible construction connecting buildings shall be separated from each connected building by a fire separation having not less than a 45 min fire-resistanc e rating.

(1) Buildings in a camp for housing of workers shall be separated from each other by a distance of not less than 10 m unless otherwise permitted in Subsection 9.10.14.

(1) Except in dwelling units and except as provided in Sentence (2), the surface flame-spread rating of wall and ceiling surfaces in corridors and walkways, exclusive of doors, shall not exceed 25 over not less than 90% of the exposed surface area and not more than 150 over the remaining surface area.

(2) Except within dwelling units, corridors that provide access to exit from sleeping rooms and that have afire- resistance rating of not less than 45 min shall have aflam e-spread rating conforming to the appropriate requirements in Subsection 9.10.17.

(1) Except in dwelling units, corridors providing access to exit from sleeping rooms in every bui lding in a camp for housing of workers with sleeping accommodation for more than 10 persons shall have a smoke detector connected to the building alarm system.

(1) Each building in a camp for housing of workers shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers in conformance with the provisions of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.

(1) Every building in a camp for housing of workers providing sleeping accommodation for more than 30 persons shall be provided with a hose station that is protected from freezing and equipped with a hose of sufficient length so that every portion of the building is within the range of a hose stream.

(2) Hose stations required in Sentence (1) shall be located near an exit.

(3) Hoses referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 19 mm inside diam and shall be connected to a central water supply or to a storage tank having a capacity of not less than 4 500 L with a pumping system capable of supplying a flow of not less than 5 L/s at a gauge pressure of 300 kPa.

(1) Reserved.

(2) Clearances for and protection around gas, propane and electric ranges shall be not less than those provided in Articles 9.10.22.2. and 9.10.22.3.

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), framing, finishes and cabinetry installed directly above the location of the cooktop shall be not less than 750 mm above the level of cooktop burners or elements.

(2) The vertical clearance described in Sentence (1) for framing, finishes and cabinets located directly above the location of the cooktop is permitted to be reduced to 600 mm above the level of the elements or burners provided the framing, finishes and cabinets

(a) are noncombustible, or

(b) are protected by a metal hood that projects 125 mm beyond the framing, finishes and cabinets.

(1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), combustible wall framing, finishes or cabinets within 450 mm of the area where the cooktop is to be located shall be protected above the level of the heating elements or burners by

(a) gypsum board not less than 9.5 mm thick, or

(b) any material providing afire-resistance rating of not less than 10 min and a flame-spread rating of not more than 25.

(2) Countertop splash boards or back plates that extend above the level of the heating elements or burners need not be protected as described in Sentence (1).

(3) Except for cabinetry described in Article 9.10.22.2., cabinetry located not less than 450 mm above the level of the heating elements or burners need not be protected as described in Sentence (1).

(1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), a dwelling unit and a suite in hotels shall be separated from every other space in a building in which noise may be generated by

(a) a separating assembly and adjoining constructions, which, together, provide an apparent sound transmission class (ASTC) rating of not less than 47, or

(b) a separating assembly that provides a so und transmission class (STC) rating of at least 50 and adjoining constructions that conforms to Article 9.11.1.4. (See Note A-9.11.1.4.)

(2) Reserved.

(3) Construction separating a dwelling unit or suite in a hotel from an elevator shaft or refuse chute shall have an STC rating of not less than 55.